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Reacting to a French pledge to represent the "common interest" in considering biotech foods, a former US ambassador recommended publishing a "retaliation list" of European locations where genetically modified organisms (GMOs) were being grown in hopes that activists would destroy them and "cause some pain" for officials, a leaked diplomatic cable shows.--In a confidential communication dated Dec. 14, 2007 and released by WikiLeaks on Sunday, then-US Ambassador to France Craig Roberts Stapleton recommended creating the list if France and the EU continued to ban biotech seeds.--"Mission Paris recommends that that the [United States government] reinforce our negotiating position with the EU on agricultural biotechnology by publishing a retaliation list when the extend 'Reasonable Time Period' expires," Stapleton wrote. "Europe is moving backwards not forwards on this issue with France playing a leading role, along with Austria, Italy and even the [European] Commission."
Stapelton added that the US should create a list "that causes some pain across the EU, since this is a collective responsibility, but that also focuses in part on the worst culprits." --He continued: "The list should be measured rather than vicious and must be sustainable over the long term, since we should not expect an early victory." The former US official added that France's "High Authority" on agricultural biotech was particularly offensive because it sought to "roll back established science-based decision making." He added that a bill considered by the French National Assembly should be rebuked by the publication "of a registry identifying the cultivation of GMOs at the parcel levels" ... "given the propensity for activists to destroy GMO crops in the field."--The document would appear to expose a high-ranking US official advocating a selective leak of otherwise confidential information to achieve a European political objective on behalf of US private industry. ---The law that was considered in France would have made farmers and biotech firms liable for pollen drift of their modified crops -- a move that "could make any biotech planting impossible in practical terms,[U1]" the Stapleton wrote.
It was essentially the same principle the US employs for environmental pollution: the polluter must pay. GMO firms, however, are given exception to those regulations in North America.
The spread of modified genes into the wild is of particular concern to critics of biotech food crops, who cite studies linking GM seeds to organ damage and infertility in animals. Most Monsanto seeds are modified to resist pesticides such as Roundup, which has been shown to cause cancer and genetic mutations in humans. It is still unclear whether genetically modified foods pose health risks, but they have been adopted in soaring quantities in the United States. "Soybeans and cotton genetically engineered with herbicide-tolerant traits have been the most widely and rapidly adopted GE crops in the U.S., followed by insect-resistant cotton and corn," according to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Researchers at the University of Arkansas found in August that canola, a modified rapeseed used mainly for oil, had managed to sustain itself in the wilds of North Dakota. Up to 80 percent of the plants they tested had genes that were modified to resist herbicide. It was the first time modified crops had been discovered growing in the wild[U2], the BBC noted.
Monsanto's genetically modified corn, currently banned across the EU, was also found growing in Ireland, the Irish Department of Agriculture said. --Stapleton was appointed Ambassador to France in 2005 by President George W. Bush. His wife is a cousin of President George H.W. Bush. Stapelton was replaced as ambassador in July 2009, when President Barack Obama named Charles Rivkin to the post.
Europe continues biotech resistance
It's not clear from the release if the US went ahead with its plan for the "retaliation list," but Stapelton was certainly right on whether the US should expect an early victory in European public opinion. In December, more than one million Europeans signed a petition demanding the EU halt the approval of new genetically modified crops. The petition was later dismissed by the EU Commission on procedural grounds.--In the last 12 years only two organisms have been licensed for seeding across Europe, and one of them was a potato that triggered the recent mass petition against the crops. The number one multinational biotech firm in the world, Monsanto, isn't happy about that.-But like other US business interests, Monsanto hasn't been sitting around whining about policy backlash foreign or domestic. The Nation's Jeremy Scahill revealed in September that the world's top producer of genetically modified seeds hired US security contractor Blackwater to "infiltrate activist groups organizing against the multinational biotech firm." The leaked cable makes no mention of Blackwater mercenaries operating in Europe. Other cables released in recent days showed that, behind the scenes, Spain has been a key ally of the US in defending genetically modified crops.
Spanish Secretary of State and Deputy Minister Josep Puxeu contacted US officials to ask for support after his country came under pressure to ban their Monsanto-developed MON810 corn crop, a cable revealed. "He asked that the USG maintain pressure on Brussels to keep agricultural biotechnology an option for Member States and requested that the USG work together with Spain in this endeavor." Another cable sent to the Vatican on Nov. 19, 2009 indicated that Pope Benedict XVI also supports genetically modified crops, but will not admit it in public. "Vatican officials remain largely supportive of genetically modified crops as a vehicle for protecting the environment while feeding the hungry, but -- at least for now -- are unwilling to challenge bishops who disagree," it explained.

Coffee consumption is worldwide spread with few side effects. Interestingly, coffee intake has been inversely related to the serum enzyme activities gamma-glutamyltransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in studies performed in various countries. In addition, epidemiological results, taken together, indicate that coffee consumption is inversely related with hepatic cirrhosis; however, they cannot demonstrate a causative role of coffee with prevention of liver injury. Animal models and cell culture studies indicate that kahweol, diterpenes and cafestol (some coffee compounds) can function as blocking agents by modulating multiple enzymes involved in carcinogenic detoxification; these molecules also alter the xenotoxic metabolism by inducing the enzymes glutathione-S-transferase and inhibiting N-acetyltransferase. Drinking coffee has been associated with reduced risk of hepatic injury and cirrhosis, a major pathogenic step in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis, thus, the benefit that produces coffee consumption on hepatic cancer may be attributed to its inverse relation with cirrhosis, although allowance for clinical history of cirrhosis did not completely account for the inverse association. Therefore, it seems to be a continuum of the beneficial effect of coffee consumption on liver enzymes, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. At present, it seems reasonable to propose experiments with animal models of liver damage and to test the effect of coffee, and/or isolated compounds of this beverage, not only to evaluate the possible causative role of coffee but also its action mechanism. Clinical prospective double blind studies are also needed.-- PMID: 19825397 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Russian boys exposed to unusually high levels of environmental pollutants are smaller than their peers, a new study reports.-After following nearly 500 boys for three years, an international group of researchers found that those with the highest levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in their blood were nearly three centimeters (more than an inch) shorter than boys from the same region with the lowest amount of PCBs in their bodies. Boys with the highest exposures also averaged two points lower in body mass index (BMI), a measure of weight relative to height.--The authors found a similar pattern in boys with the highest exposure to the pollutant dioxin.--"You're always a little surprised to see such a dramatic effect," study author Jane Burns of the Harvard School of Public Health told Reuters Health, but the findings are "consistent" with some other research about the effect of these chemicals.--Burns explained that the boys included in the study have much higher exposures to these pollutants than the general U.S. population, likely a result of their proximity to a chemical plant that generated dioxin as a byproduct. But a small number of people in the U.S. and other developed countries live in regions with exposures that match - or even exceed - those seen here, she added.---PCBs were once used in everything from appliances and fluorescent lighting to insulation and insecticides. While the chemicals were banned in the 1970s as potential health hazards, they remain a public-health concern because they linger in the environment and accumulate in the fat of fish, mammals and birds.--Research has linked PCBs to an elevated risk of cancer, type 2 diabetes and other ailments. A study of children in Taiwan also found that those exposed in utero to PCBs from contaminated cooking oil were shorter than their peers. Dioxins are toxic substances formed by burning -- for example in waste incinerators or forest fires -- and in some industrial processes. Airborne dioxins are deposited onto plants, soils and water, and they enter the food chain when ingested by livestock and fish. Dioxin exposure has been shown to lead to both higher cancer rates and changes in birth rates resulting in more female babies and fewer males.---To further investigate the impact of high exposures to PCBs and dioxins on growth, Burns and her colleagues took blood samples from 499 boys ages 8 and 9 living in Chapaevsk, Russia, an area known to be highly contaminated.--Indeed, the highest levels of PCBs and dioxins in the boys' blood far exceeded those found in the average U.S. population, Burns noted.---Prenatal exposure to PCBs, but not dioxins, has been linked to low birth weight. And along with differences in the prepubescent boys' height and weight, the authors found that those with the highest blood levels of PCBs were growing significantly more slowly than boys with the least exposure - by about 0.2 centimeters a year over the three-year study period.--The findings appear in the journal Pediatrics.--It's not entirely clear why PCBs or dioxins might affect growth, Burns said in an interview. "We're not really sure of what the mechanisms are." Research suggests dioxins interfere with genes that regulate normal development, while PCBs disrupt the regulation of thyroid hormones, which could impact growth.

[U1]This is what should have been here in Canada and The USA--instead we have given the Agro Corporates free and and clear access to dump-contaminate and cause chaos and havoc with creation--if this was enforced then Monsanto would have been the ones who would have lost the farms--Not the farmers they stripped and stole there lands through litigations and unjust rulings making the farmer at fault when in reality the Agro Companies like this would have been the ones to Pay---this kind of Agro business should have never been allowed to even begin to flourish or released--The Supreme court ruling that favoured this should not have transpired

[U2]DING DING DING!!!! DANGER DANGER ---this is all we need to have our healthy foods mixed with this Genetic Abomination

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USDA Certified Organics Dirty Little Secret- Neotame

The Vermont Resolution for Food Sovereignty

Multi Studies and Solutions (1) Isoquercitrin (2) Uptake of Antioxidants in kidneys and liver and heart (3) Minimizing radiation exposure to intestine (4) Wolfberry or Goji Berry on intestinal Cancers (5) Probiotic-Prebiotic and Oils protection

A) USDA Certified Organics Dirty Little Secret- Neotame

Just when we thought that buying “Organic” was safe, we run headlong into the deliberate poisoning of our organic food supply by the FDA [U1] in collusion with none other than the folks who brought us Aspartame. NutraSweet, a former Monsanto asset, has developed a new and improved version of this neurotoxin called Neotame. ---Neotame has similar structure to aspartame — except that, from it’s structure, appears to be even more toxic than aspartame. This potential increase in toxicity will make up for the fact that less will be used in diet drinks. Like aspartame, some of the concerns include gradual neurotoxic and immunotoxic damage from the combination of the formaldehyde metabolite (which is toxic at extremely low doses) and the excitotoxic amino acid. (Holisticmed.com) --But surely, this product would be labeled! NOT SO!!! For this little gem, no labeling required. And it is even included in USDA Certified Organic food. ---The food labeling requirements required for aspartame have now been dropped for Neotame, and no one is clear why this was allowed to happen. Neotame has been ruled acceptable, and without being included on the list of ingredients, for:

Let me make this perfectly clear. Neotame does not have to be included in ANY list of ingredients! So, if you buy processed food, whether USDA Certified Organic or not, that food most likely will contain Neotame because it is cost-effective, and since no one knows it is there, there is no public backlash similar to what is happening with Aspartame. A win/win situation! but that’s not all. Just love chowing down on that delicious steak? Well, that cow most likely will have been fed with feed containing…..you guessed it…..Neotame! A product called “Sweetos,” which is actually composed of Neotame, is being substituted for molasses in animal feed. ---“Sweetos is an economical substitute for molasses. Sweetos guarantees the masking of unpleasant tastes and odor and improves the palatability of feed. This product will be economical for farmers and manufacturers of cattle feed. It can also be used in mineral mixture,” said Craig Petray, CEO, The NutraSweet Company, a division of Searle, which is a part of Monsanto. (Bungalow Bill)---- Why would we feed animals food that is so distasteful that we would have to mask the unpleasantness with an artificial sweetener? Most animals will not eat spoiled, rancid feed[U2] . They know by the smell that it is not good. Enter Sweetos (Neotame). Just cover up the unpleasant tastes and odors, and you can feed them anything you want to, courtesy of the oh, so considerate folks at Monsanto and company. But of course, Monsanto is no longer associated with NutraSweet. In the time-honored tradition of covering its assets, Monsanto has a proven track record of spinning off controversial portions of its company that generate too much scrutiny, such as it did with the Solutia solution.

Says the Farm Industry News, “Monsanto, which has long resided in the crosshairs of public scorn and scrutiny, appears to have dodged at least one bullet by spinning off its industrial chemical business into a separate entity called Solutia a couple of years ago. Solutia has since been hammered by lawsuits regarding PCB contamination from what were once called Monsanto chemical plants in Alabama and other states” (Source Watch) --So what is the solution to this problem? Buy Local Chemical FREE food, know your local farmer, and don’t buy processed foods whether they are labeled “Organic” or not. This requires a drastic change in lifestyle that most will not want to make. For those who choose to ride the wheel of chance by succumbing to this genocidal adulteration of our food supply by those who stand to profit from our sickness and early demise, my only comment is….it is your choice. But for those of us who have decided to fight this battle one bite at a time by hitting these GLOBALIST in the pocketbook where it hurts

MOST LIKELY TO SECEDE:

The Vermont Resolution for Food Sovereignty

Time to get serious about Food Sovereignty.

WHEREAS All people are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, and among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; and WHEREAS Food is human sustenance and is the fundamental prerequisite to life; and WHEREAS The basis of human sustenance rests on the ability of all people to save seed, grow, process, consume and exchange food and farm products; and WHEREAS We the People of Vermont, have an obligation to protect these rights as is the Common and Natural Law; and in recognition of the State’s proud agricultural heritage; and the necessity of agricultural, ecological and economic diversity and sustainability to a free and healthy Society;
THEREFORE, Be it resolved, that We The People, stand on our rights under the 10th Amendment to the US Constitution and reject such Federal decrees, statutes, regulations or corporate practices that threaten our basic human right to save seed, grow, process, consume and exchange food and farm products within the State of Vermont; and, Be it further resolved, that We The People, shall resist any and all infringements upon these rights, from whatever sources that are contrary to the rights of the People of the State of Vermont

ü You should have a packet that looks like this from Senator Johnson which was hand carried by her two weeks ago.

ü A number of us helped distribute her letter to you because we represent hundreds of your constituents who are aware of a critical issue going on outlined in Senator Johnson’s letter.

ü We believe it’s imperative we take an active role in our local government since Arizona is being sanctioned in the billions at the end of this month by the EPA for what we believe is based on erroneous statistics. A letter will be delivered to you in a few days giving proof of this statement.

ü Additionally, EPA claims Arizona falls into the “Extreme Pollution Level” category. Interestingly, there are 11 other states within this same category, yet Arizona is the ONLY state being sanctioned!

ü Also interestingly, every registered vehicle in Arizona MUST meet EPA’s Vehicle Emissions Standards. Arizona motorists spend millions annually for this requirement. Has something failed in this process?

ü The Arizona Republic (9/4/10) states, “The particles, about one-seventh the size of a human hair, can invade the lungs and blood stream, aggravate asthma and other breathing problems, and can cause respiratory and heart ailments especially among children.”

ü These symptoms are exactly the result of a Geo-Engineering Program that has been going on in Arizona and globally, as portrayed in the documentary, “What in the World Are They Spraying” DVD in your packet.

ü Essentially, Arizona should NOT be financially burdened more than it already is for an unwarranted claim; illness described in EPA’s “Particulate Matter” description does NOT come from our road dust; and, Arizona should NOT be singled out for sanctions in the billions.

ü Since this Geo-Engineering Program is now being openly discussed to be legalized and outlines toxic heavy metals to be sprayed over humans . . our concerns cannot be passed on as a conspiracy theory! This MUST be addressed. We are counting on each and every one of you to take action. You will receive a follow-up letter in a few days. Thank you for your time.

Influenza virus infects the respiratory system of human and animals causing mild to severe illness which could lead to death. Although vaccines are available, there is still a great need for influenza antiviral drugs to reduce disease progression and virus transmission. Currently two classes (M2 channel blockers and neuraminidase inhibitors) of FDA-approved influenza antiviral drugs are available, but there are great concerns of emergence of viral resistance. Therefore, timely development of new antiviral drugs against influenza viruses is crucial. Plant-derived polyphenols have been studied for antioxidant activity, anti-carcinogenic, and cardio- and neuroprotective actions. Recently, some polyphenols, such as resveratrol and epigallocatechin gallate, showed significant anti-influenza activity in vitro and/or in vivo. Therefore we investigated selected polyphenols for their antiviral activity against influenza A and B viruses. Among the polyphenols we tested, isoquercetin inhibited the replication of both influenza A and B viruses at the lowest effective concentration. In a double treatment of isoquercetin and amantadine, synergistic effects were observed on the reduction of viral replication in vitro. The serial passages of virus in the presence of isoquercetin did not lead to the emergence of resistant virus, and the addition of isoquercetin to amantadine or oseltamivir treatment suppressed the emergence of amantadine- or oseltamivir-resistant virus. In a mouse model of influenza virus infection, isoquercetin administered intraperitoneally to mice inoculated with human influenza A virus significantly decreased the virus titers and pathological changes in the lung. Our results suggest that isoquercetin may have the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of influenza virus infection and for the suppression of resistance in combination therapy with existing drugs.-- PMID: 20826184 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

ICan be found in Apples-Cherries- Onion- Bay leaf- Black Tea-Sweet Basil- AllSpice-Black Pepper-Apricot-Black Currant-White Willow-Elderberry----these can as well be combined for instance you can combine apple and onion in a apple/onion sauce by blending the 2 together ( 2 apples to one onion (red onion has similar polyphenols that of red wine)--you can combo elderberry in an alcohol or honey mix by adding 1/4 cup of elderberry with 1 oz of brandy and 1/2 cup of honey -blend til fused smooth ( about 7 minutes at high speed ) or just use 1/4 cup of elderberry and 1/2 cup-3/4 cup of brandy or alcohol that is clear again blend for 10 minutes at high speed and then pour into a glass bottle-you can mix allspice with pepper when garnishing your foods in light doses when combined--you can combo elderberry and currant in a honey jam by adding equal parts of the currant to the elderberry and then double the volume of honey and blend-while blending add allspice to this about 1/2 tsp and then blend til smooth--these are some examples

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Authors: Bulku E, Zinkovsky D, Patel P, Javia V, Lahoti T, Khodos I, Stohs SJ, Ray SD

A novel dietary supplement composed of three well-known phytochemicals, namely, Salvia officinalis (sage) extract, Camellia sinensis (oolong tea) extract, and Paullinia cupana (guarana) extract, and two prominent vitamins (thiamine and niacin) was designed to provide nutritional support by enhancing metabolism and maintaining healthy weight and energy. The present study evaluated the safety of this dietary supplement (STG; S=sage; T=tea; G=guarana) and assessed changes in target organ antioxidant enzymes (liver, kidneys and heart), serum chemistry profiles and organ histopathology in Fisher 344 rats. Adult male and female Fisher 344 rats were fed control (no STG) or STG containing (1X and 7X, 1X=daily human dose) diets and sacrificed after 2 and 4 months. Serum chemistry analysis and histopathological examination of three vital target organs disclosed no adverse influence on protein, lipid and carbohydrate profiles, genomic integrity of the liver and/or the tissue architecture. However, analysis of the most important antioxidant components in the liver, kidney and heart homogenates revealed a dramatic increase in total glutathione concentrations, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities. Concomitantly, oxidative stress levels (malondialdehyde accumulation) in these three organs were less than control. Organ specific serum markers (ALT/AST for the liver; CPK/AST for the heart; BUN/creatinine for kidneys) and the genomic integrity disclosed no STG-induced alteration. Some of the serum components (lipid and protein) showed insignificant changes. Overall, STG-exposed rats were more active, and the results suggest that STG exposure produces normal serum chemistry coupled with elevated antioxidant capacity in rats fed up to seven times the normal human dose and does not adversely influence any of the vital target organs. Additionally, this study reiterates the potential benefits of exposure to a pharmacologically relevant combination of phytochemicals compared to a single phytochemical entity. -- PMID: 20716937 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

IThis is how synergy can work with a combination of herbs and supplements--this is called Orthomolecular healing-using things of the body or of nature in adeqautes dosing or in combination to rebalance and restore the body to it's norm

Authors: Li GH, Wang DL, Hu YD, Pu P, Li DZ, Wang WD, Zhu B, Hao P, Wang J, Xu XQ, Wan JQ, Zhou YB, Chen ZT

Radiation-induced acute intestinal symptoms (RIAISs) are the most relevant complication of abdominal or pelvic radiation. Considering the negative impact of RIAIS on patients' daily activities, the preventive effects of berberine on RIAIS in patients were investigated. Thirty-six patients with seminoma or lymphomas were randomized to receive berberine oral (n = 18) or not (n = 18). Forty-two patients with cervical cancer were randomized to a trial group (n = 21) and control group (n = 21). Radiotherapy used a parallel opposed anterior and posterior. 300-mg berberine was administered orally three times daily in trial groups. Eight patients with RIAIS were treated with 300-mg berberine three times daily from the third to the fifth week. Toxicities, such as fatigue, anorexia/nausea, etc., were graded weekly according to CTC version 2.0. Patients with abdominal/pelvic radiation in the control group showed grade 1 fatigue, anorexia/nausea, colitis, vomiting, proctitis, weight loss, diarrhea and grade 2 anorexia/nausea, fatigue. Only grade 1 colitis, anorexia/nausea, and fatigue were seen in patients of abdominal radiation treated with berberine. Grade 1 fatigue, colitis, anorexia/nausea, and proctitis occurred in patients of pelvic radiotherapy treated with berberine. Pretreatment with berberine significantly decreased the incidence and severity of RIAIS in patients with abdominal/pelvic radiotherapy when compared with the patients of the control group (P < 0.05). RIAIS were reduced in patients with abdominal radiotherapy/pelvic radiation after receiving berberine treatment. Berberine significantly reduced the incidence and severity of RIAIS and postponed the occurrence of RIAIS in patients with abdominal or whole pelvic radiation.

IThis can be found in Golden Seal ( if you use no more then 10 days on and a week off ) or Oregon Grape Make a tea with these or make an infusion with alcohol or dried in capsule

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Lycium barbarum, and has potential anticancer activity. However, the detailed mechanisms are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to observe the anticancer effect of LBP on human gastric cancer, and its possible mechanisms. Human gastric cancer MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells were treated with various concentrations of LBP for 1-5 days, and cell growth was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Distribution of the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to indicate changes in the level of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). LBP treatment inhibited growth of MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells, with cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 and S phase, respectively. We believe that this is the first study to show that LBP arrested different cell lines from the same types of cancer at different phases. The changes in cell-cycle-associated protein, cyclins, and CDKs were consistent with the changes in cell-cycle distribution. This study suggests that induction of cell-cycle arrest participates in the anticancer activity of LBP on gastric cancer cells. PMID: 19669955 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

IRemedy--Fused this in either alcohol or honey ---Take a 1/4 cup of Goji Berry( wolfberry) and add either brandy-vodka-gin or a good wine at 1 1/2 cup in blender and blend for about 10 minutes at high speed - then pour contents through a sift and allow the mix to drain and pour content in a glass bottle--use 1/2 a teaspoon once or twice a day--this also improves the vision-increases liver support-brain support due to the S.O.D content ( Superoxide Dismutase ) which increases Glutathione( major antioxidant in the body ) --You can as well do this as an elixor By adding 1/4 cup of brandy 1/2-3/4 cup of honey and blend til liquified--then add 1/4 cup of goji berry to this and blend for 7-10 minutes at high speed -when done pour entire conten in a glass bottle and use agai 1/2 tsp 2 times a day or as needed

Authors: Bertkova I, Hijova E, Chmelarova A, Mojzisova G, Petrasova D, Strojny L, Bomba A, Zitnan R

Diet interventions and natural bioactive supplements have now been extensively studied to reduce risks of colon cancer, which is one of the major public health problem throughout the world. The objective of our investigation was to study the effects of probiotic, prebiotic, nutritional plant extract, and plant oil on selected biochemical and immunological parameters in rats with colon cancer induced by N,N dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Male and female Wistar albino rats were were fed by a high-fat (HF) diet (10% fat in the diet) and were divided into 9 groups: Control group; PRO group - HF diet supplemented with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum to provide 3 x 109 c.f.u. of strain/1 ml of medium; PRE group - HF diet supplemented with inulin enriched with oligofructose (2% of HF diet); HES group - HF diet supplemented with plant extract of Aesculus hippocastanum L.( Horse Chestnut ) (1% of HF diet); OIL group - HF diet comprised Linioleum virginale (2% of HF diet); and combination of probiotic microorganisms and bioactive compounds in the groups - PRO-PRE, PRO-HES, PRO-OIL, PRE-OIL. Carcinogenesis was initiated with subcutaneous injection of DMH (20 mg/kg) two times at week interval and dietary treatments were continued for the six weeks. Application of probiotic microorganisms and bioactive compounds in all treated groups significantly decreased the activities of bacterial enzymes (p<0.001), the fecal bile acids concentration (p<0.01; p<0.001) and significantly increased serum TNFalpha level (p<0.001) in comparison to the control rats. The number of coliforms was reduced in PRO, PRO-PRE, PRO-OIL and PRE-OIL groups and significantly higher count of lactobacilli (p<0.05) was observed in PRO-PRE, PRO-OIL and PRE-OIL groups in compare with the controls. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that probiotic microorganisms and bioactive compounds could exert a preventive effect on colon carcinogenesis induced by DMH.--- PMID: 20568896 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

ISo this is saying that if you are on a high fat and protein diet this can offset some of the side effects of this diet as well as neutralize cancer causing chemicals from reacting with the colon

[U1]funny thing alot of us have been saying for a long time that the organics are not safe and the term we should really be using is pesticide free --chemical free--colour free--synthetic free if we are really trying to eat things as pure as possible---what we see is "ORGASMIC" may as well be as soon as people hear the term organic they assume thet have bitten into nirvana-well the truth is that we live in a world where gov't have investments with corporations and so they legislate to protect there interest NOT OURS so if you have any intentions of buying anything then either buy direct from farmers especially those who have been bullied my the Globalist--

[U2]Does this make you feel better when you are eating soy?? a garbage food --leftover byproduct and waste which was coined as a health food which is worse then aspartame but when combo'd with aspartame is even more toxic due to the synergy--CHOW DOWN

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Intravenous Vitamin C Saves NZ Man with Flu Damaged Lung

A 56 year old male was referred to Auckland Hospital ICU on 1 July 2009 with total respiratory failure, for ECMO external oxygenation. The patient had contracted H1N1 Swine flu (confirmed by tests) while on holiday overseas, and had developed what is known as ‘white out’ pneumonia. This refers to x-rays showing no air space in the lungs.--After 20 days of life-sustaining ECMO treatment and other critical care, the patient, who was unconscious by induced coma, had not responded. The ICU team advised the family of the likely outcome and had prepared them for the possibility of the patient’s death.---Family members approached Centre for Advanced Medicine Limited (CAM) for advice on the clinical use of intravenous vitamin C for such cases.---At the family’s request, information was provided to ICU doctors including ISO 9001:2008 registered protocols, safety data, dosages and access to vials of IV vitamin C under CAM’s license for wholesale medicines.---The ICU team agreed to administer intravenous vitamin C according to the family’s wishes. This decision acknowledged the family’s rights, in compliance with the New Zealand Health and Disability Act, 1997.---The patient received intravenous vitamin C starting on the evening of 21 July, continuing until 29 July. 25 grams was provided on the first day increasing over the first three days to 50 grams twice daily which was sustained for a further six days.---By 24 July x-rays indicated increasing lung function and ECMO external oxygenation was discontinued on 26 July. After several days of assisted ventilation and critical care for ongoing secondary conditions, the patient was able to commence his recovery and rehabilitation.---The patient was discharged from hospital on Friday 18 September, and is recovering at home on the farm.--The decision by the Auckland Hospital ICU team to administer adequate dosages of IV vitamin C, and their skillful coordination of ICU procedures, were responsible for the positive medical outcome.---Permission from the patient and his family has been sought by CAM to publish these details on its website and elsewhere in the interests of accuracy. This permission was willingly provided and CAM expresses its thanks, admiration and respect.--CAM welcomes opportunities to provide similar professional support for registered medical practitioners and their patients.

The Herxheimer Reaction is a short-term (from days to a few weeks) detoxification reaction in the body. As the body detoxifies, it is not uncommon to experience flu-like symptoms including headache, joint and muscle pain, body aches, sore throat, general malaise, sweating, chills, nausea or other symptoms. --This is a normal — and even healthy — reaction that indicates that parasites, fungus, viruses, bacteria or other pathogens are being effectively killed off. The biggest problem with the Herxheimer reaction is that people stop taking the supplement or medication that is causing the reaction, and thus discontinue the very treatment that is helping to make them better. Although the experience may not make you feel particularly good, the Herxheimer Reaction is actually a sign that healing is taking place.

The Herxheimer Reaction is an immune system reaction to the toxins (endotoxins) that are released when large amounts of pathogens are being killed off, and the body does not eliminate the toxins quickly enough. Simply stated, it is a reaction that occurs when the body is detoxifying and the released toxins either exacerbate the symptoms being treated or create their own symptoms. The important thing to note is that worsening symptoms do not indicate failure of the treatment in question; in fact, usually just the opposite.

Technically known as the Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction, this syndrome goes by many names, including JHR, the Herxheimer Effect, the Herxheimer Response, a Herx Reaction, Herx or Herks. The most common terminology used is the Herxheimer Reaction. It is also often referred to as a healing crisis, a detox reaction, or die-off syndrome.

The phenomenon was first described by Adolf Jarisch (1860-1902) working in Vienna, Austria, and a few years later by Karl Herxheimer (1861-1942), working in Frankfort, Germany. Both doctors were dermatologists mainly treating syphilitic lesions of the skin. They noticed that in response to treatment, many patients developed not only fever, perspiration, night sweats, nausea and vomiting, but their skin lesions became larger and more inflamed before settling down and healing. Interestingly, they found that those who had the most extreme reactions healed the best and fastest. The patient might be ill for 2-3 days, but then their lesions resolved.

The Herxheimer reaction is caused by the release of toxic chemicals (endotoxins) released from the cell walls of dying bacteria due to effective treatment. The Herxheimer Reaction is well recognized in medical circles and is certainly not confined to the world of natural medicine or supplements. --For example, a recent study report (Feb ’04) on the treatment of Sarcoidosis found that, “. . . without exception, the improving patients are reporting periodic aggravation of their symptoms as an apparent direct response to the antibiotics. In other words, these patients say that their treatment makes them feel much worse before they experience symptom-relief.” The abstract of the study goes on to say, “This phenomenon is known as the Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction (JHR) and is often referred to informally as Herx. JHR is believed to be caused when injured or dead bacteria release their endotoxins into blood and tissues faster than the body can comfortably handle it. . . . This provokes a sudden and exaggerated inflammatory response . . . . In Sarcoidosis patients, the Herxheimer reaction seems to be a valuable indication that an antibiotic is reaching its target.” In the conclusion, the author states: “In my work with Sarcoidosis patients, it is my experience that recovering MP patients understand and welcome the Herxheimer reactions even when they must endure temporary increased suffering. They accept it as the price that they must pay in order to get well and they even seem to find it gratifying to experience tangible evidence of bacterial elimination. “

ScienceDaily (Dec. 28, 2010) — New findings from the Monell Center reveal that weight gain of formula-fed infants is influenced by the type of formula the infant is consuming. The findings have implications related to the infant's risk for the development of obesity, diabetes and other diseases later in life.---"Events early in life have long-term consequences on health and one of the most significant influences is early growth rate," said study lead author Julie Mennella, Ph.D., a developmental psychobiologist at Monell. "We already know that formula-fed babies gain more weight than breast-fed babies. But we didn't know whether this was true for all types of formula."--While most infant formulas are cow's milk-based, other choices include soy-based[U1] and protein hydrolysate-based formulas. Protein hydrolysate formulas contain pre-digested proteins and typically are fed to infants who cannot tolerate the intact proteins in other formulas.---In adults, pre-digested proteins are believed to act in the intestine to initiate the end of a meal, thus leading to smaller meals and intake of fewer calories. Based on this, the authors hypothesized that infants who were feeding protein hydrolysate formulas would eat less and have an altered growth pattern relative to infants feeding cow's milk-based formula.--In the study, published online in the journal Pediatrics, infants whose parents had already decided to bottle-feed were randomly assigned at two weeks of age to feed either a cow's milk-based formula (35 infants) or a protein hydrolysate formula (24 infants) for seven months.--Both formulas contained the same amount of calories, but the hydrolysate formula had more protein, including greater amounts of small peptides and free amino acids.---Infants were weighed once each month in the laboratory, where they also were videotaped consuming a meal of the assigned formula. The meal continued until the infant signaled that s/he was full.--Over the seven months of the study, the protein hydrolysate infants gained weight at a slower rate than infants fed cow milk formula. Linear growth, or length, did not differ between the two groups, demonstrating that the differences in growth were specifically attributable to weight."All formulas are not alike," said Mennella. "These two formulas have the same amount of calories, but differ considerably in terms of how they influence infant growth."--When the data were compared to national norms for breast-fed infants, the rate of weight gain of protein hydrolysate infants was comparable to the breast milk standards; in contrast, infants fed cow's milk formula gained weight at a greater rate than the same breast milk standards.--Analysis of the laboratory meal revealed the infants fed the protein hydrolysate formula consumed less formula during the meal.--"One of the reasons the protein hydrolysate infants had similar growth patterns to breast-fed infants, who are the gold standard, is that they consumed less formula during a feed as compared to infants fed cow's milk formula" said Mennella. "The next question to ask is: Why do infants on cow's milk formula overfeed?"--The findings highlight the need to understand the long-term influences of infant formula composition on feeding behavior, growth, and metabolic health. Future studies will utilize measures of energy metabolism and expenditure to examine how the individual formulas influence growth, and how each differs from breastfeeding.--Also contributing to the study, which was funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, were Monell scientists Gary Beauchamp and Alison Ventura.

Story Source:--The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Monell Chemical Senses Center, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.--Journal Reference: Julie A. Mennella, Alison K. Ventura, and Gary K. Beauchamp. Differential Growth Patterns Among Healthy Infants Fed Protein Hydrolysate or Cow-Milk Formulas. Pediatrics, 2010; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-1675

—Get a Whey isolate or Whey Hydroslate 25-28 grams Unflavoured or Neutral or Natural and Add Mct 1-2 tablespoons –and add either vanilla or cocoa And sweeten with either Unpasteurized hone ot Maple syrup or Xylitol or Stevia ad 1-1 ½ cup of water all in a blender—you can substitute the cocoa for even fruit or almond extract or orange extract or add the cocoa and peppermint extract 1-3 drops of any of the extracts or 1 tablespoon of vanilla—blend for 4-5 minutes ---this can be used as a pre meal for utilizing this to curb appetite ---you can take it In between meals as well as a protein supplement---you can warm this and give it to infants but reduce the gram dosage to about ¼ -1/3 so 28 grams would be about 7-9 grams and reduce the MCT to 1 tablespoon

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Amid claims that the MMR triple vaccine can cause autism, Dr Andrew Wakefield insists in a new report that it should never have got a licence--Five years ago, Dr Andrew Wakefield was approached by parents who told him a tragic story. Their children had been developing normally until the toddlers were given the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella, MMR. The parents said they then witnessed a regression in their children's behaviour and speech, as well as the onset of an unpleasant bowel disorder. Presented with similar accounts by numerous sets of parents, the London doctor decided to investigate. What he discovered was to provoke one of the most bitter vaccination controversies ever. Today, he has a paper published in the Journal of Adverse Drug Reactions. It concludes that the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella should not have been licensed in 1988 because inadequate research had been carried out. The conclusion is backed up by four senior figures in medicine regulation, including Dr Peter Fletcher, a former senior scientific civil servant and assessor to the Committee on Safety of Medicines. They say children given the vaccine in trials should have been monitored for much longer because adverse reactions could have taken several months to show.--They also say there was little information on the effects of giving three live vaccines together, compared with giving them separately. Wakefield's original theory was published in The Lancet in 1998. He then extended his work and further findings were published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology. His most up-to-date work on 170 children is soon to be published.---Last year, Professor John O'Leary, director of pathology at Coombe Women's Hospital in Dublin, uncovered evidence pointing to a link between the MMR vaccine and autism in children. His findings, presented to a US Congressional hearing earlier this month, backed up Wakefield's Lancet study. But, despite having been peer-reviewed, other experts insist there is no evidence to suggest a link. A three-year war has ensued between Department of Health scientists, who are struggling to maintain confidence in the vaccination programme , and researchers such as Wakefield and O'Leary. Speaking from his London home, Wakefield explained that his duty is to his patients, regardless of how much his findings upset the Department of Health. He said: "At first, we were sceptical but the parents' story was so consistent that we felt we had to investigate. When the parent tells you they believe the problems started after exposure to the MMR vaccine, do you say, 'That is very interesting but politically it makes me very uncomfortable'? -"I represent patients whose parents say to me, 'This is what happened to my child: At one point, my child was developing normally, then they encountered the MMR and they developed autism.' They say their children became badly behaved, developed terrible bowel problems and their communication regressed. They said there is an epidemic of this problem but the medical profession told them they were wrong.--"We had to take their story at face value and to investigate it. What we found, to our surprise, was that the parents were right." Government scientists have heavily criticised Wakefield and his research. They claim his science has not been reproduced by either himself or other scientists - an allegation he disputes. ---The hostilities penetrate down to the hospital where he works, the Royal Free in London. While Wakefield is carrying out his research, Professor Brent Taylor - head of the department of paediatrics and child health at the hospital - does his best to convince the public that the link does not exist. Professor Taylor told the Sunday Herald: "There are no serious side- effects and the MMR does not cause autism and inflammatory bowel disease. Nobody anywhere else in the world has been able to reproduce any of Wakefield's studies. "Separate vaccines do not provide good protection for children. We do not want a new programme that could result in serious diseases which kill and maim people."--The publication of a paper in the Journal of Adverse Drug Reactions saying that the MMR should never have been licensed caused a damaging row between the editor and the head of immunisation in Scotland. Dr Ian Jones, director of the Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health, wrote to the editor, Dr John Griffin, suggesting that the journal should not publish the controversial paper. This prompted Griffin to accuse Jones of trying to censor the journal.--Wakefield's claims that a major government vaccination programme is causing children to become autistic are so damaging that his trust usually bans him from speaking to the media. Whenever the MMR debate is re fuelled by new claims, receptionists at the Royal Free Hospital are put on alert and any journalists asking to speak to the doctor are redirected to the trust's official spokesman.--But, this weekend, Wakefield has been given permission to discuss his latest research. He is adamant that, despite being the subject of bitter personal criticism, his arguments will be based on his science. He does, however, express regret that the strength of government opposition is hindering the research.--He said: "I don't want to moan about what has happened to me. We have got to fight this on the science. You go into this sort of thing with your eyes open. Yes, you are taking on your colleagues, the health department and the biggest drug companies in the world but the question you have to ask is, 'Who do you represent?' "My responsibility is to the patient and not to the Department of Health. I am not going to decide against investigating something because of the possible consequences for the Department of Health, because it may make things difficult for them. "The frustration is more that we are restricted in our attempts to help the children in the way that we would like to. It is becoming incredibly difficult to get funding for further investigations and clinical trials."Discussing the paper to be published today, Wakefield points out that while the government scientists had until now directed their criticism at him, they must admit that they are also criticising former members of their own department.He said: "Government scientists were critical of our science but the work was peer-reviewed, unlike other papers, because of the controversial nature of the subject. This paper went to four reviewers who agreed to have their comments published. "We agreed to have that done not knowing what they would say and that is the way that science should be conducted. They have come out being very supportive. These are people who are not anti-vaccine but eminent people involved in drug regulation. The regulators themselves are saying that the vaccine was not safe."-He added: "If they want to attack me, that's fine but now they are bringing in four eminent regulators. Are they going to denounce the very valid opinions of their own colleagues?" Wakefield first suggested in 1998 that single vaccines should be made available on the basis of the fears of a link between the MMR and autism and inflammatory bowel disease. He says the findings of the latest report reinforces the need to make mono valent vaccines available now.--He said: "It is absolutely no good to come out with tired rhetoric claiming that the vaccine has been proven to be safe. I am afraid that that is not the case. Until this is resolved, single vaccines must be made available.--"The concerns have been dismissed by the Department of Health but doctors, practice nurses and health visitors are changing their minds. "I have referrals at the moment from paediatricians who believe their patients have been damaged by the MMR. We get this time and time again. The change in attitude is very telling."--In May last year, Wakefield sent a copy of his latest paper to Dr Liam Donaldson, the Chief Medical Officer for England. He said: "I was giving them the option to provide supplies of monovalent vaccines because I did expect there to be a scare. I did that knowing that they could use it against us by attempting to undermine the paper but it would have been morally wrong just to let it appear on the news stands on Monday. What they chose to do with that information I do not know."---Wakefield suggests vaccinating against measles at 15 months, against mumps when the child is three years old and against rubella when the child is four.--"What they are saying is that I could be responsible for an epidemic - children would suffer and some may die. But my point of view is pro vaccine. Nobody is saying, 'Do not protect children against measles.' This is about the safest way to do it. There is no need for measles to come back if we vaccinate against measles at 15 months. "I have been honest and have published data whether it is positive or negative. Thus far, the parents have been absolutely right and I am obliged to continue to take this to its natural conclusion. In the meantime, I think parents deserve the option of single vaccines."--This month, the Scottish parliament has come under increasing pressure from MSPs to reintroduce single vaccines. Wakefield hopes that this may become a reality. "The Scottish parliament has a unique opportunity, having devolved from the power of Whitehall, to take important decisions. The people are closer to their representatives, who seem prepared to listen."

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With water to take the pulverized soap—then add new water to the 5 gallon container half way with water---then add the liquefied soap water from the pot into the container and whisk together with a whisker---add the 1 cup of borax and add the ½ cup of baking soda ( you can add an essential oil for scent if you like such as lime –lemon –orange etc) whisk again til completely mixed-then allow to set over night---it will cogeal ( solidify like jello) then take a 2 litre ( quart ) container fill with water half way with water—then take the whisker and mix the jello soap till liquid again and pour to top off the container—can be used for clothes using 2-3 oz at a time –can be used as well for doing dishes---Will make 5 gallons for a bout 5 dollar total investment –so for about 2.50 you can make 5 gallons of cleaning soap

ScienceDaily (Jan. 1, 2011) — Afflicting up to 5 percent of the U.S. population, mostly women, fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread pain and range of function problems. A new study in The Journal of Pain reports there is close association between obesity and disability in fibromyalgia patients.---The purpose of the study, conducted by University of Utah researchers, was to evaluate the relationship between fibromyalgia and obesity. They hypothesized that obesity significantly adds to the disease and disability burden of the condition. Two hundred fifteen fibromyalgia patients were evaluated in the study and given several physical tests to measure strength, flexibility, range of motion, and strength. Heart rates and sleep quality also were assessed.---The authors reported that consistent with previous studies, obesity is common among those with fibromyalgia. Half the study sample was obese and an additional thirty percent were overweight. Also consistent with previous findings, obese patients in this study showed increased pain sensitivity, which was more pronounced in lower body areas. The obese patients also had impaired flexibility in the lower body and reduced strength.--The study concluded that obesity is a common comorbidity of fibromyalgia that may compromise clinical outcomes. The adverse impact of obesity is evidenced by hyperalgesia, disability, impaired quality of life and sleep problems. The authors also noted that recent evidence suggests weight loss improves fibromyalgia symptoms, perhaps resulting from patients adopting healthier lifestyles and taking more positive attitudes toward symptom management, and overall quality of life. Story Source--The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by American Pain Society.--Journal Reference:--Akiko Okifuji, Gary W. Donaldson, Lynn Barck, Perry G. Fine. Relationship Between Fibromyalgia and Obesity in Pain, Function, Mood, and Sleep. The Journal of Pain, 2010; 11 (12): 1329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.03.006

ScienceDaily (Jan. 7, 2011) — Medical experts have issued a warning about the common practice of tablet splitting, after a study found that nearly a third of the split fragments deviated from recommended dosages by 15 per cent or more.--Their study, published in the January issue of the Journal of Advanced Nursing, points out that the practice could have serious clinical consequences for tablets that have a narrow margin between therapeutic and toxic doses.--And they are calling on manufacturers to produce greater dose options and liquid alternatives to make the practice unnecessary.--Researchers from the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ghent University, Belgium, asked five volunteers to split eight different-sized tablets using three techniques commonly used in nursing homes.--They found that 31 per cent of the tablet fragments deviated from their theoretical weight by more than 15 per cent and that 14 per cent deviated by more than 25 per cent. Even the most accurate method produced error margins of 21 per cent and eight per cent respectively. "Tablet-splitting is widespread in all healthcare sectors and a primary care study in Germany found that just under a quarter of all drugs were split" says study lead Dr Charlotte Verrue.--"It is done for a number of reasons: to increase dose flexibility, to make tablets easier to swallow and to save money for both patients and healthcare providers. However, the split tablets are often unequal sizes and a substantial amount of the tablet can be lost during splitting."---The five researchers comprised a pharmacy student, researcher and professor, an administrative worker and a laboratory technician, ranging from 21 to 55 years of age. With the exception of the technician, none of the other study participants had tablet-splitting experience. The authors believe this replicated nursing home conditions where splitting is not always performed by professional nurses.--Between them they split tablets into 3,600 separate quarters or halves using a splitting device, scissors and a kitchen knife. The eight different tablets were different shapes and sizes, three were unscored, three had one score line and the others had two.---The drugs were prescribed for a range of health conditions, including Parkinson's, congestive heart failure, thrombosis and arthritis.---After splitting, each fragment was weighed to see how much they deviated from the theoretical weight.

"Tablet splitting is daily practice in nursing homes" says Dr Verrue. "However, not all formulations are suitable for splitting and, even when they are, large dose deviations or weight losses can occur. This could have serious clinical consequences for drugs where there is a small difference between therapeutic and toxic doses.---"Based on our results, we recommend use of a splitting device when splitting cannot be avoided, for example when the prescribed dose is not commercially available or where there is no alternative formulation, such as a liquid.--"Staff who are responsible for splitting tablets should receive training to enable them to split as accurately as possible. They should also be made aware of the possible clinical consequences of dose deviations.--"We would also like to see manufacturers introduce a wider range of tablet doses or liquid formulations so that tablet splitting becomes increasingly unnecessary."Story Source-The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Wiley - Blackwell, via AlphaGalileo.--Journal Reference--Charlotte Verrue, Els Mehuys, Koen Boussery, Jean-Paul Remon, Mirko Petrovic. Tablet-splitting: a common yet not so innocent practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2011; 67 (1): 26 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05477.x

ScienceDaily (Dec. 13, 2010) — Changes in diet have been linked to a reduction of abnormal behaviors in mentally ill people or animals, but a Purdue University study shows that diet might also trigger the onset of mental illness in the first place.--Joseph Garner, an associate professor of animal sciences, fed mice a diet high in sugar and tryptophan that was expected to reduce abnormal hair-pulling. Instead, mice that were already ill worsened their hair-pulling behaviors or started a new self-injurious scratching behavior, and the seemingly healthy mice developed the same abnormal behaviors.--"This strain of mouse is predisposed to being either a scratcher or a hair-puller. Giving them this diet brought out those predispositions," said Garner, whose results were published in the December issue of the journal Nutritional Neuroscience. "They're like genetically at-risk people."--Garner studies trichotillomania, an impulse-control disorder in which people pull out their hair. The disorder, which disproportionately occurs in women, is thought to affect between 2 percent and 4 percent of the population. Mice that barber, or pull their hair out, have been shown to have low levels of serotonin activity in the brain. That neurotransmitter is known to affect mood and impulses. Garner hypothesized that increasing serotonin activity in the brain might cure or reduce barbering and possibly trichotillomania.--Serotonin is manufactured in the brain from the amino acid tryptophan, which is consumed in diets. The problem is that tryptophan often doesn't make it across the barrier between blood and the brain because other amino acids can get through more easily and essentially block the door for tryptophan. Garner modified a mouse diet to increase simple carbohydrates, or sugars, and tryptophan. The sugars trigger a release of insulin, which causes muscles to absorb those other amino acids and gives tryptophan a chance to make it to the brain.--Using eight times as much sugar and four times as much tryptophan, Garner observed a doubling of serotonin activity in the brain. But the mice that barbered did not get better.---"We put them on this diet, and it made them much, much worse," Garner said.--A second experiment divided the mice into three groups: those that were seemingly normal, others that had some hair loss due to barbering and a group that had severe hair loss. All the mice soon got worse, with conditions escalating over time.--"Three-quarters of the mice that were ostensibly healthy developed one of the behaviors after 12 weeks on the new diet," Garner said.--Some of the mice developed ulcerated dermatitis, a fatal skin condition thought to be caused by an unidentified pathogen or allergen. Garner saw that the only mice that contracted the condition were the scratchers.---"What if ulcerated dermatitis, like skin-picking, another common behavioral disorder, is not really a skin disease at all?" Garner said. "We now have evidence that it may be a behavioral disorder instead." When taken off the new diet, the negative behaviors stopped developing in the mice. When control mice were switched to the new diet, they started scratching and barbering.---Garner's study raises questions of how diet might be affecting other behavioral or mental illnesses such as autism, Tourette syndrome, trichotillomania and skin-picking. He said that before now, a link between diet and the onset of mental disorders hadn't been shown.--"What if the increase of simple sugars in the American diet is contributing to the increase of these diseases?" Garner said. "Because we fed the mice more tryptophan than in the typical human diet, this experiment doesn't show that, but it certainly makes it a possibility."---Garner next wants to refine the experiments to better imitate human dietary habits, including the amount of tryptophan people consume. Internal Purdue funding paid for his work. Story Source--The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Purdue University, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS. Journal Reference--Brett D. Dufour, Olayiwola Adeola, Heng-Wei Cheng, Shawn S. Donkin, Jon D. Klein, Edmond A. Pajor, Joseph P. Garner. Nutritional up-regulation of serotonin paradoxically induces compulsive behavior. Nutritional Neuroscience, 2010; 13 (6): 256 DOI: 10.1179/147683010X12611460764688

ScienceDaily (Feb. 8, 2009) — A new study makes important new findings on the role of hormone use on the risk of breast cancer, confirming that the use of estrogen plus progesterone increases the risk of both ductal and lobular breast cancer far more than estrogen-only; suggesting a two-year "safe" period for the use of estrogen and progesterone; and finding that the increased risk for ductal cancers observed in long-term past users of hormone replacement therapy drops off substantially two years after hormone use is stopped.--Previous studies have shown that hormone replacement therapy after menopause increases the risk of breast cancer and that use of a regimen that includes both estrogen and progesterone is more detrimental for the breast than the use of estrogen alone. But more data from large prospective studies are needed to fully characterize the impact of exogenous hormones (Exogenousor exogeneous) refers to an action or object coming from outside a system. It is the opposite of endogenous, something generated from within the system ) on breast cancer incidence by type of hormone preparation and histology of the cancer.---To investigate the association in more detail, American Cancer Society epidemiologists led by Eugenia E. Calle, PhD, did a prospective study of 68,369 postmenopausal women who were cancer-free at baseline in 1992. They examined the use of estrogen-only and estrogen and progesterone in current and former users of varying duration, and the subsequent risk of developing invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma of the breast. They also looked at whether the risk for each type of breast cancer and each type of hormone regimen varied by body mass index (BMI), stage of disease at diagnosis, and estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. For the present study, the follow-up period ended on June 30, 2005.---They confirmed the findings from previous work that estrogen and progesterone increases the risk of both ductal and lobular breast cancer far more estrogen alone. They also found the risk associated with use of estrogen and progesterone increases significantly and substantially within three years of beginning hormone use. The data showed no increased risk for women who used estrogen and progesterone for less than two years, potentially identifying a "safe" period for estrogen and progesterone use.---The study also found no increased risk of breast cancer in women who had stopped using estrogen and progesterone two or more years ago, suggesting a window of two to three years for the risks of estrogen and progesterone both to become apparent after initial use and to diminish after cessation. Few estimates of risk within two to three years of initiation and cessation are available, so these findings need replication in other large studies. The study found the use of estrogen and progesterone was associated with a doubling of risk of lobular cancer after three years of use, and a doubling of risk of ductal cancer with 10 years of use. Estrogen-only use was not associated with increased risk of ductal cancer, even after 20 years of use, but was associated with a 50 percent increase in risk of lobular cancer after 10 years of use.---Story Source: The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by American Cancer Society, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS. -- Journal Reference: --Eugenia E. Calle et al. ---Postmenopausal hormone use and breast cancer associations differ by hormone regimen and histologic subtype. Cancer, Published Online: January 20, 2008 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24101

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ScienceDaily (May 9, 2006) — Long-term estrogen therapy may be related to a higher risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women who have had a hysterectomy, according to an article in the May 8 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. ---Previous studies have linked the use of hormone therapy to breast cancer among postmenopausal women, but have primarily focused on the hormone combination of estrogen plus progestin, according to background information in the article. Recently released results from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a large clinical trial of hormone therapy, found no significant link between estrogen therapy and breast cancer in women who took the hormone for seven years. ---Wendy Y. Chen, M.D., M.P.H., Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, and colleagues evaluated women who were part of the Nurses' Health Study, a group of female nurses that have been followed since 1976. In 1980, 11,508 women from the study were postmenopausal and had had a hysterectomy. Every two years the researchers enrolled all the additional women who become postmenopausal and had a hysterectomy, so 28,835 women were included by the end of the study in 2002. Women were asked by questionnaire every two years if they used hormones and whether they had developed breast cancer. For women who developed breast cancer, the researchers obtained permission to review the women's medical records, which they used to record the hormone receptor information. Tumors were classified as positive or negative for estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor based on how they responded to specific hormonal therapies. ---Throughout the study period, 934 invasive breast cancers developed, 226 among women who had never used hormones and 708 among women who were using estrogen at the time. The longer a woman used estrogen, the higher her risk of breast cancer. Those who had been taking estrogen for fewer than 10 years did not appear to have a higher risk than those who had never taken hormones, but those who had been taking estrogen for more than 20 years had a significantly increased risk. The association was strongest for cancers that were estrogen receptor positive and progesterone receptor positive. The results were similar when the researchers evaluated only women who were older than age 60; only women who had begun estrogen therapy after reaching age 50; and only women who were at least age 50 and had undergone a hysterectomy, even if they had not gone through menopause. ---"In conclusion, we found that estrogen therapy was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer with longer-term use," the authors write. "Although current use of estrogen therapy for less than 10 years was not associated with a statistically significant increase in breast cancer risk, the WHI has shown an increased risk of stroke and deep-vein thrombosis in the same time period. Women who take estrogen therapy for prevention or treatment of osteoporosis typically require longer-term treatment and should thus explore other options, given the increased risk of breast cancer with longer-term use."---(Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166: 1027-1032. Available pre-embargo to media at www.jamamedia.org.) --Editor's Note: This study was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. ---Story Source: The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by JAMA and Archives Journals, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS ---

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Estrogen Therapy May Be Associated With Kidney Stones in Postmenopausal Women

ScienceDaily (Oct. 12, 2010) — Use of estrogen therapy is associated with an increased risk of developing kidney stones in postmenopausal women, according to a report in the October 11 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.-- "Nephrolithiasis [kidney stones] is a common condition that affects 5 percent to 7 percent of postmenopausal women in the United States," according to background information in the article. "Because the process of kidney stone formation is influenced by a variety of lifestyle and other health-related factors, the true impact of estrogen therapy on the risk of kidney stone formation is difficult to infer from observational studies." -- Using data from the national Women's Health Initiative study, Naim M. Maalouf, M.D., of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, examined data from two trials: 10,739 postmenopausal women with hysterectomy who received either an estrogen-only treatment or matching placebo and 16,608 postmenopausal women without hysterectomy who received either an estrogen plus progestin treatment or matching placebo. Data were collected for an average of 7.1 years in the estrogen-only trial and 5.6 years for the estrogen plus progestin trial. -- A total of 335 cases of kidney stones were reported in the active treatment groups, while 284 cases occurred in the placebo groups. The beginning demographic characteristics and risk factors for kidney stones were similar in the two groups, and the authors found that estrogen therapy was associated with a significant increase in risk of kidney stones. The corresponding annualized incidence rate per 10,000 women per year was 39 in the treatment group and 34 in the placebo group. Development of kidney stones was five times more common in women with a history of kidney stones at the beginning of the study, but was not significantly altered by estrogen therapy. In this trial, estrogen therapy increased the risk of development of kidney stones irrespective of age, ethnicity, body mass index, prior hormone therapy use or use of coffee or thiazide diuretics.The authors conclude that their results "indicate that estrogen therapy increases the risk of nephrolithiasis in healthy postmenopausal women. The mechanisms underlying this higher propensity remain to be determined. In view of the sizable prevalence of nephrolithiasis in this segment of the population, these findings need to be considered in the decision-making process regarding postmenopausal n use."---Story Source:--The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by JAMA and Archives Journals.--Journal Reference: N. M. Maalouf, A. H. Sato, B. J. Welch, B. V. Howard, B. B. Cochrane, K. Sakhaee, J. A. Robbins. Postmenopausal Hormone Use and the Risk of Nephrolithiasis: Results From the Women's Health Initiative Hormone Therapy Trials. Archives of Internal Medicine, 2010; 170 (18): 1678 DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.342

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Digested green tea compounds show dementia and cancer benefits

Action _ Antibiotic, bacteriostatic, fungicide, anthelmintic, antithrombic, hypotensive, hypoglycaemic, hypocholesterolaemic. Also used for upper respiratory tract infections and catarrhal conditions.

a brain tonic in epilepsy and psychic disorders. Heavy consumption of garlic prior to surgery led to increased clotting time or reduced platelet aggregation (in human case reports). Garlic tablets at a dose of 400 mg twice daily for 12 weeks reduced platelet aggregation 59% compared with placebo in 80 patients (in human clinical study). (Francis Brinker.) Garlic cloves are high in sulphurcontaining amino acids known as alliin (no taste, no smell, no medicinal action). With crushing or chewing alliin comes into contact with the enzyme alliinase. Alliinase, in less than 6 s, transforms alliin into allicin (strongly medicinal), which breaks down into a number of sulphur compounds including ajoene, vinyldithin and diallyl disulfide, and trisulfide. The antibiotic effect is attributed to allicin; hypoglycaemic effect to allicin and allylprophyldisulphide (also to S-allyl Cysteine sulfoxide); anticarcinogenic activity to diallyl monosulfide; platelet aggregation inhibitory effect to diallyl-di- and tri-sulphides. Ajoene inactivated human gastric lipase, which is involved in digestion and absorption of dietary fats. Diallyltetra, penta-, hexa- and heptasulphides are potential antioxidants. AlliumleptophyllumWall. is equated with Vana Lashuna, Jangali Lahsun. Dosage _1 Bulb=3 g

Lipids--Garlic inhibits the production of Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). Garlic inhibits the production of Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2). Garlic suppresses the production of Thromboxane A2 (TXA2).

Minerals--Garlic helps to prevent the cellular damage caused by excessive Arsenic ingestion.

Garlic facilitates the removal of accumulated Cadmium from the body. Garlic facilitates the removal of accumulated Lead from the body. Garlic facilitates the removal of accumulated Mercury from the body.

Nucleic Compounds--Garlic inhibits the incorporation of Thymidine into the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) of many types of Cancer Cells (and thereby inhibits the ability of Thymidine to function as a growth factor for some types of Cancer Cells

Hormones---Garlic increases plasma Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels (due to the Diallyl Disulfide content of Garlic).

Garlic increases Testosterone levels (due to the Diallyl Disulfide content of Garlic increasing Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels.

Aged garlic extract delays the appearance of infarct area in a cerebral ischemia model, an effect likely conditioned by the cellular antioxidant systems.

Authors: Aguilera P, ChÃ¡nez-CÃ¡rdenas ME, Ortiz-Plata A, LeÃ³n-Aparicio D, Barrera D, Espinoza-Rojo M, Villeda-HernÃ¡ndez J, SÃ¡nchez-GarcÃa A, Maldonado PD

Experimental evidence has shown that some garlic-derived products have a protective effect against ischemic brain injury. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE), establish the therapeutic window, and determine its protective mechanism in a cerebral ischemia model. Animals were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h and treated with 1.2ml/kg body wt.(i.p.) of AGE 30min before, at the beginning of (0R), or 1h after reperfusion. The 0R treatment significantly reduced the size of the infarct area after 2h of reperfusion. Repeated doses subsequent to the 0R treatment (at 1, 2, or 3h after reperfusion) had no effect on the temporal window of protection. The protective 0R treatment with AGE prevented the increase in nitrotyrosine and the decrease in total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and extracellular superoxide dismutase activities induced by MCAO. These data indicate that AGE delays the effects of ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury. However, this treatment itself was not associated with a noticeable improvement in the neurological outcome, or with an effect on the inflammatory response. We conclude that the neuroprotective effect of AGE in the 0R treatment might be associated with control of the free-radical burst induced by reperfusion, preservation of antioxidant enzyme activity, and the delay of other pathophysiological processes.--PMID: 19577455 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Recipe for Garlic and Uses—Take 2 bulbs of garlic and add to blender ( peeled) the add 1 ½ cup of vinegar ( any will do ) then blend for 10 minutes and strain Put into glass container—then take 2 bulbs of garlic ( peeled) and add to a oil or fat again blend for about 10 minutes –strain the mix so only the oil comes out add to glass container –then take these specific vitamins –zinc ( use approximately 100mgs ) Selenium ( 1 mg ) B1 ( 600mgs) then add equal parts of the oil and the vinegar mixes of garlic ( do not use the whole amounts approximately 1-2 oz when doing this of each of the mixes ) blend for 5 minutes then pour this into a seperate container –and use ¼ tsp increments

RThis will have sugar regulating effects—chelating effects ( removing- lead cadmium-mercury-arsenic) Anti Cancer Impact- Strength and endurance increase-anti inflammatory effect-reproductive aid-healing factor-Brain functioning improvement—heart health-liver health-pancreatic support-wound healing properties-Protects against alcohol poisoning—anti glycating of cells-Anti Aging-Antioxidant-Anti Microbial-Anti Bacterial-Anti Fungal—Cholesterol regulating

RThe Garlic vinegar can be utilized as well independently as a tonic –healant—in cooking –as a protectant against differing pathogens in foods-again as a digestive aid-cholesterol impacting and as well has all the other attributes associated with vinegar and garlic-use 1 teaspon as neded or 1 X 3 aday

RThe garlic oil can as well be utilized like the vinegar –use it ½ tsp increments

RGarlic & Lecithin Recipe—you will need lecithin( sunflower or egg yolk not soy) 1 table spoon—1 whole bulb of garlic-1/4 cup of garlic vinegar-1/4 cup of garlic oil—then add zinc citrate 300mgs ( open capsule ) 600mgs of B1 ( open capsule) selenium 1 mg ( open either 5 capsules at 200 mcg strength or 10 capsules at 100mg strength ) if you like add cq 10 to this 200 mgs ( again depending on capsule strength open the appropriate amount ) and again you can increase these or decrease as you see fit—add all to blender and blend for 10 minutes at medium to high speed—add garlic oil or garlic vinegar if needed if to thick---when done pour into a glass bottle and use ½ tsp several times a day—the impact will be noticeable on the legs a renewed strength will be noticed---this will again impact the Norepinephrine levels of the brain ( flight or fright—clear thinking—cognitive ability-sex drive) cellular health and increases immune health—liver health—cholesterol regulating anti cancer—anti fungal-anti viral-anti bacterial-anti microbial—general tonic as well—can be used on a spread –in yogurt—on foods –taken straight---use ½ tsp several times a day

RThese can be spread on your eggs –integrated in your cooking oils can be used in soups and have the benefits as well as protective properties-mixed in salads or salad dressings

RThe garlic mix with the combo of supplements and vinegar can be used as a supplement—a tonic—immune restorer—immune supporter and again ¼ tsp 1 X3 a day or as needed

1. ¹From the Departments of Epidemiology (MME, JLK, ELG, KF, and LAM) and Nutrition (ELG), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (MME, JLK, ELG, and LAM); the Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden (OA, S-OA, and J-EJ); The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (AW and NH); the Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden (KF); and The Centre for Public Health Services, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (KF and LAM).

· ↵2 Supported by the National Institutes of Health research training grant R25CA098566 (to MME).

· ↵3 Address reprint requests and correspondence to MM Epstein, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: mameyer@hsph.harvard.edu.

Background: Zinc is involved in many essential cellular functions, including DNA repair and immune system maintenance. Although experimental evidence supports a role for zinc in prostate carcinogenesis, epidemiologic data are inconsistent; no data on cancer-specific survival have been reported. --Objective: Our objective was to determine whether dietary zinc assessed near the time of prostate cancer diagnosis is associated with improved disease-specific survival. --Design: This population-based cohort consists of 525 men aged <80 y from Örebro County, Sweden, with a diagnosis of prostate cancer made between 1989 and 1994. Study participants completed self-administered food-frequency questionnaires, and zinc intake was derived from nutrient databases. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for time to death from prostate cancer as well as death from all causes through February 2009 by quartile (Q) of dietary zinc intake. Models were also stratified by disease stage at diagnosis (localized or advanced). --Results: With a median follow-up of 6.4 y, 218 (42%) men died of prostate cancer and 257 (49%) died of other causes. High dietary zinc intake was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer–specific mortality (HR_{Q4 vs Q1}: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.94; P for trend = 0.05) in the study population. The association was stronger in men with localized tumors (HR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.66; P for trend = 0.005). Zinc intake was not associated with mortality from other causes. -Conclusion: These results suggest that high dietary intake of zinc is associated with lower prostate cancer–specific mortality after diagnosis, particularly in men with localized disease

Digested green tea compounds show dementia and cancer benefits

Digested polyphenol compounds from green tea could protect the brain against developing Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia,

The in vitro study, published in Phytomedicine, confirmed that post-digestion, extracts of the phytochemical rich drink shows protective effects for dementia, and could play an important role in protecting the body against cancer. --The researchers investigated whether the protective properties of green tea – which have previously been shown to be present in the undigested, freshly brewed form of the drink – were still ‘active’ once the drink had been digested. --Lead researcher Dr Ed Okello from Newcastle University, U.K.said that just because a consumed food is generally accepted to contain health-boosting properties; it should not be assumed that such compounds will ever be absorbed in the body. --“What was really exciting about this study was that we found when green tea is digested by enzymes in the gut, the resulting chemicals are actually more effective against key triggers of Alzheimer's development than the undigested form of the tea,” explained Okello --“In addition to this, we also found the digested compounds had anti-cancer properties, significantly slowing down the growth of the tumour cells which we were using in our experiments,” added Okello.

Alzheimer's disease – the most common form of dementia – is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive dysfunction. The authors noted that “mounting evidence” suggests that beta-amyloid peptides in conjunction with free radical species (such as hydrogen peroxide) in the brain play a significant role in the development and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's. Many previous studies, have suggested that both black and green teas possess protective properties, which have been mainly attributed to their polyphenol content. ---Green tea is high in flavan-3-ols, which are believed to be efficient scavengers of highly reactive free radical species, and have been shown to exhibit anti-carcinogenic; hypocholesterolaemic and neuroprotective properties . --Okello said that although research has identified certain compounds as beneficial for health, and in many cases has identified foods with high concentrations of such compounds, he explained that “what happens during the digestion process is crucial to whether these foods are actually doing us any good.” “Flavan-3-ols have been reported to possess properties beneficial to health, [but] they are known to undergo significant metabolism and conjugation in the gastrointestinal tract,” said the researchers. --“It is unknown how such metabolism and conjugation may influence the putative properties of these polyphenols, hence the focus of our study on a digested green tea extract,” they explained.

Green tea extract – from brewed Temple of Heaven, Gunpowder China tea, purchased by the researchers from a local store – was subjected to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion and a ‘colon-available’ extract (CAGTE) was prepared and assessed for its potential protective effects against the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide and beta-amyloid on neuronal cells in the brain – which are believed to play a role in the development of dementia. --The CAGTE, which represents green tea phytochemicals potentially available after upper gastrointestinal digestion, was found to be depleted in flavan-3-ols when compared to the pre-digested green tea extract; yet was still found to protect cells in a brain neurone model from both hydrogen peroxide and beta-amyloid toxicity. --“At high concentrations, CAGTE exhibited direct anti-proliferative effects, in line with the reputed anti-cancer properties of green tea polyphenols,” wrote the authors. --“The CAGTE, which effectively lacked flavan-3-ols, had a protective effect on beta-amyloid induced toxicity in vitro at 0.03–0.125 μg/ml … This figure is much lower than the 20 μg/ml reported for effective protection in whole green tea extracts,” said the researchers.

He said that the next step in the research is to investigate whether the beneficial compounds found in the digestion model are produced during digestion in human volunteers that consume green tea polyphenols – for which the team has already secured funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).

Source: Phytomedicine--Published online ahead of print, doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.11.004 --“In vitro protective effects of colon-available extract of Camellia sinensis (tea) against hydrogen peroxide and beta-amyloid (Aβ(1–42)) induced cytotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells” --Authors: E.J. Okello, G.J. McDougall, S. Kumar, C.J. Seal

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Anti Estrogenic Antidote

ScienceDaily (Apr. 17, 2008) — Prevention of weight gain with a restricted calorie diet sharply reduced the development of pancreatic lesions that lead to cancer in preclinical research reported April 15 by researchers from The University of Texas at Austin and The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center at the American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting.---The research sheds light on the connection between obesity, calorie intake and pancreatic cancer by comparing a calorie restricted diet, an overweight diet and an obesity-inducing diet in a strain of mice that spontaneously develops pancreatic lesions that lead to cancer.---"Obesity is a known risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but the mechanism underlying that relationship is unknown," said senior author Stephen D. Hursting, Ph.D., professor in M. D. Anderson's Department of Carcinogenesis and Chair of the Division of Nutritional Sciences at the University of Texas. "Our findings indicate that calorie restriction hinders development of pancreatic cancer, which could have implications for prevention and treatment of pancreatic tumors caused by chronic inflammation and obesity."--The group's analysis points to a connection between calorie intake and a protein called Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) -1, with obesity increasing and calorie restriction decreasing levels of IGF-1. IGF-1 is an important growth factor known to stimulate the growth of many types of cancer cells. Inflammatory signaling proteins also were found to be reduced in the blood of the calorie-restricted mice.---"Mice on the heavier diets had significantly more lesions and larger lesions than those on the restricted calorie diet," said first author Laura Lashinger, Ph.D., a post-doctoral fellow in Hursting's laboratory. The strain of mice, developed by Susan Fischer, professor in M. D. Anderson's Department of Carcinogenesis, spontaneously develops lesions associated with pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas. These lesions develop into pancreatic cancer and virtually all of these mice die within six to eight months.-The researchers fed the calorie restricted group a diet that was 30 percent lower in calories than that consumed by the overweight group and 50 percent lower than the obese group. Only 7.5 percent of mice on the calorie-restricted diet developed pancreatic lesions at the end of the experiment, and these lesions were so small that none exhibited symptoms of illness. For mice on the overweight diet, 45 percent developed lesions, as did 57.5 percent of those on the obesity-inducing diet. Lesions were also much larger in the overweight and obese mice than the calorie restricted mice.---While calorie restriction has been shown to have an anti-cancer effect in multiple species and for a variety of tumor types, its impact had not been well-studied in a model of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death and remains mostly intractable to existing treatments.--The decline in blood levels of inflammatory proteins in the calorie restricted mice makes sense, Lashinger notes, because fat tissue is a major source of inflammatory factors such as cytokines.--[U1]The research was funded by grants from the National Institute of Health and the University of Texas, and is a collaboration between M. D. Anderson's Department of Carcinogenesis, based at the The Virginia Harris Cockrell Cancer Research Center at M. D. Anderson's Science Park - Research Division in Smithville, Texas, and the University of Texas at Austin Department of Nutritional Sciences.--Co-authors with Lashinger, Hursting and Fischer are Lauren Malone, Elizabeth Daniels, Nicole Smith, and Susan Perkins of the UT Department of Nutritional Sciences and Amy Pavone of M. D. Anderson's Department of Carcinogenesis.--Story Source--The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center

Fruits and vegetables are a key part of calorie-restricted diets, which may increase longevity.--ScienceDaily (Dec. 29, 2009) — Scientists searching for the secrets of how calorie-restricted diets increase longevity are reporting discovery of proteins in the fat cells of human volunteers that change as pounds drop off. The proteins could become markers for monitoring or boosting the effectiveness of calorie-restricted diets -- the only scientifically proven way of extending life span in animals.--Their study appears online in ACS' Journal of Proteome Research.--Edwin Mariman and colleagues note that scientists have long known that sharply restricting intake of calories while maintaining good nutrition makes animals live longer and stay healthier. Recent studies suggest that people may gain similar benefits. But scientists know little about how these diets work in humans, particularly their effects on cells that store fat.--The new study focused on proteins in abdominal subcutaneous fat cells from a group of overweight people before and after they went on a five-week-long calorie-restricted diet. The volunteers each lost an average of 21 pounds[U2]. Scientists identified changes in the levels of 6 proteins as the volunteers shed pounds, including proteins that tell the body to store fat. These proteins could serve as important markers for improving or tracking the effectiveness of therapies involving calorie-restricted diets, they say.-Story Source-The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by American Chemical Society, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.-Journal Reference--Bouwman et al. The Physiologic Effects of Caloric Restriction Are Reflected in the <i>in Vivo</i> Adipocyte-Enriched Proteome of Overweight/Obese Subjects. Journal of Proteome Research, 2009; 8 (12): 5532 DOI: 10.1021/pr900606m

ScienceDaily (Jan. 5, 2011) — Researchers have found what appears to be a critical tuning dial for controlling whole body energy, according to a new report in the January issue of Cell Metabolism, a Cell Press publication. When energy levels within cells drop, it sets off a series of events designed to increase the amount of calorie-rich dietary fat that the body will absorb.---This energy reset mechanism is surely critical for survival under natural conditions of scarcity to ensure a steady supply of fuel, the researchers say. Today, many of us who enjoy a Western diet loaded with fat might do better if we could find a way to turn the activity of the so-called AMPK-SRC-2 pathway down.--"Thousands of years ago, this would have been crucial," said Bert O'Malley of Baylor College of Medicine. "Now it's trouble because we eat so much fatty food."[U3]--Earlier studies had shown the enzyme AMPK to be an ancient energy sensor. The enzyme causes cells to consume less energy in the form of ATP and to produce more. AMPK also drives appetite.--The new work shows that AMPK also allows for the optimal absorption of the most energy-rich fuel from the diet: fat[U4]. That effect of AMPK depends on its activation of SRC-2, a master control gene whose job is to switch other genes on.---When SRC-2 springs into action, it controls genes that lead to the secretion of bile from the gall bladder into the intestine. "You need bile to emulsify and absorb fat," O'Malley explained.- Mice lacking SRC-2 fail to absorb fat normally, they report. Those deficiencies can be corrected by restoring bile acids to the gut.[U5]-Together with earlier work, the findings present a "pretty picture" in which SRC-2 is involved in absorbing and storing fat. SRC-2 is also known to play a role in releasing stored glucose from the liver. "It's all about energy accretion, storage and delivery," O'Malley says.--This process takes place on a daily basis even when there is already plenty of fat stored in the body. "It's designed to get in more fat," he says. "Over evolutionary time, when you didn't know when the next meal would be, you really couldn't get enough fat. Now, our next meal is at the corner McDonald's."--The discovery reveals a key mechanism linking the cellular energy state with the whole-body energy state and may ultimately have important clinical implications, the researchers say.--"Obesity is all about fat absorption and storage," O'Malley said. "If you could turn that down, you could have a major effect on a disease that is slowly killing the population." He says his team is now conducting studies in search of SRC-2 inhibitors that might do exactly that.---Story Source-The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Cell Press, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.--Journal Reference--Atul R. Chopra, Ramakrishna Kommagani, Pradip Saha, Jean-Francois Louet, Christina Salazar, Junghun Song, Jaewook Jeong, Milton Finegold, Benoit Viollet, Franco DeMayo, Lawrence Chan, David D. Moore, Bert W. O'Malley. Cellular Energy Depletion Resets Whole-Body Energy by Promoting Coactivator-Mediated Dietary Fuel Absorption. Cell Metabolism, 2011; 13 (1): 35-43 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.12.001

ScienceDaily (Mar. 18, 2009) — Scientists at the Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease (GICD) have found that a key enzyme involved in absorbing fat may also be a key to reducing it. The enzyme, acyl CoA: [U6]monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 or Mgat2 is found in the intestines and plays an important part in the uptake of dietary fat by catalyzing a critical step in making triglyceride, a kind of fat. --Triglyceride accounts for nearly one-third of the fat eaten by people in developed countries.--Researchers in the laboratory of Robert V. Farese, Jr. MD, found that mice that were genetically modified to lack Mgat2 remain normal on a low-fat diet. However, when fed a high-fat diet that is similar to that eaten by many Americans, the mice do not get fat and do not develop other symptoms of obesity, such as glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia, and fatty livers. The mice eat the same number of calories as other mice, and the calories are fully absorbed. --"Because mice that lack this enzyme do not gain weight on a high-fat diet, it is an intriguing target for future interventions to prevent weight gain and the problems associated with that extra weight," said Dr. Farese.--The mechanism of action, the researchers identified was that the lack of Mgat2 may reduce the uptake of fat in the small intestine and delay its entry into the blood. This process may dissociate fat from carbohydrate absorption and insulin secretion and ultimately lower the amount of fat stored and used. How this happens is not clear. One possibility is that the absorbed fat is partitioned more to tissues where it is burned up.--"Differences in Mgat2 expression may contribute to the propensity of some people to gain weight from diets rich in fat," said Eric Yen, PhD, lead author of the study. "Our findings suggest that inhibiting this enzyme in the small intestine might be an effective way to treating metabolic diseases that result from excessive fat intake."--Results of their study were published in the current issue of the journal Nature Medicine.--Story Source--The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Gladstone Institutes, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS

ScienceDaily (Jan. 18, 2011) — Researchers have identified how the hormones progesterone and estrogen interact to increase cell growth in normal mammary cells and mammary cancers, a novel finding that may explain why postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy with estrogen plus progestin are at increased risk of breast cancer.--The discovery that both estrogen and progesterone must be present for the increased production of the protein amphiregulin, which binds to mammary cells and promotes cell growth, could lead to new treatment methods for the disease, said Sandra Haslam, director of Michigan State University's Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Center and lead researcher on the project.--The study, funded by the Department of Defense's Breast Cancer Research Program and published in Hormones and Cancer, looked at why progesterone combined with estrogen may contribute to increased breast cancer risk. In the study, researchers used both the native hormone, progesterone, and a synthetic compound, progestin -- obtaining the same results.---The finding might help explain earlier results from the groundbreaking Women's Health Initiative showing the risk of breast cancer is significantly greater for postmenopausal women who received hormone replacement therapy with combined estrogen plus progestin compared to women receiving estrogen alone.--"Also, breast cancers that develop in women receiving estrogen plus progestin are more invasive and deadlier," Haslam said. "What is the progestin doing to increase the risk of tumor growth?"--Along with co-investigator Anastasia Kariagina, a colleague in the College of Human Medicine and Department of Physiology, Haslam identified the protein amphiregulin and its receptor as one potential culprit.---"Amphiregulin -- acting through its receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor -- along with progesterone leads to the activation of intracellular pathways that regulate cell growth," Haslam said. "When activated, this promotes normal cell growth and the growth of tumors."---The study was performed in rats because breast cancers in rats contain receptors for estrogen and progesterone -- similar to the human breast -- and tumor growth is hormone-dependent, as are the majority of human breast cancers. The research team also confirmed the same phenomenon in human breast cancer cell cultures.--In addition, the research team found that Iressa, a cancer drug that blocks the epidermal growth factor receptor, effectively stopped the proliferation caused by amphiregulin. While those studies were done only in cell cultures and not on tumors growing in animals, the results are promising, Haslam said.---"The results indicate that the interactions between estrogen, progesterone and epidermal growth factor receptor pathways may be considered relevant targets for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancers," she said. "This may be especially important in premenopausal breast cancer because women produce their own estrogen and progesterone.--"A combined approach of inhibiting both the hormones and the epidermal growth factor receptor may be beneficial for some women in treating hormone-dependent breast cancer."--Story Source:--The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Michigan State University.--Journal Reference-Anastasia Kariagina, Jianwei Xie, Jeffrey R. Leipprandt, Sandra Z. Haslam. Amphiregulin Mediates Estrogen, Progesterone, and EGFR Signaling in the Normal Rat Mammary Gland and in Hormone-Dependent Rat Mammary Cancers. Hormones and Cancer, 2010; 1 (5): 229 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-010-0048-0

ScienceDaily (Jan. 26, 2006) — It's been known that the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 regulates use of estrogen in breast and other cells, but now researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have discovered that it also controls activity of a second sex steroid hormone, progesterone. ---The findings, conducted in cell culture and in mice and reported by the researchers in the January issue of Molecular Endocrinology, could help explain why women who have mutations in their BRCA1 gene are susceptible to a number of different "hormone-dependent" cancers, including those of the breast, endometriun and cervix. ---It also has implications for ordinary cancers that arise because a normal BRCA1 gene is under-expressed, said the study's principal investigator, Eliot Rosen, MD, PhD, professor of oncology, cell biology, and radiation medicine at the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center. ---For example, he says that up to 40 percent of breast tumors are deficient in BRCA1, "and it may be that some patients could benefit not only from an anti-estrogen therapy, like tamoxifen, but also from an anti-progesterone agent. ---"We don't know if that is true yet, of course, but it is certainly worth investigating, given our findings," Rosen said. --The BRCA1 gene and a second gene, BRCA2, were discovered to be breast cancer susceptibility genes in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Women who inherit faulty copies of one of these genes have up to an 80 percent increased risk of developing breast cancer by age 70, and are also more likely to be diagnosed with ovarian cancer. --Rosen and his research team undertook the study to understand why loss of the BRCA1 gene results in cancers in tissues that are dependent on hormones. They focused on the progesterone hormone, in part, because of the observation that women who use hormone replacement therapy that includes both estrogen and progestin (a synthetic form of progesterone) are at greater risk of developing breast cancer than women who use only estrogen replacement. [U7]--The use of progesterone in the breast is tightly regulated and is primarily activated when growth in cells is needed, such as during the female menstrual cycle and to support a pregnancy. A cell's use of progesterone and other such hormones is controlled by specific receptor proteins, located inside cells, which bind on to the hormone. This process activates the receptor, which then migrates to the cell nucleus to stimulate gene expression. ---To find out what role BRCA1 played in progesterone receptor signaling, the Lombardi research team conducted a series of experiments. In one set of cell culture studies in the laboratory, they used breast cancer cells that were responsive to progesterone, and then genetically manipulated them to either over or under-express the BRCA1 gene in order to assess the gene's effect on progesterone receptor signaling. --They also used mice in which the BRCA1 gene was partially deleted, but only in breast tissue. The animals were treated with estrogen, or progesterone, or both, and response of the mammary gland was compared with that of normal mice. --In this way, the researchers concluded that BRCA1 interacts physically with the progesterone receptor, and stops it from activating other genes. It does this even in the absence of the progesterone hormone, and, thus, acts as a strong check on errant growth. ---"But in mice deficient in BRCA1, we found that estrogen plus progesterone has a particularly large effect in stimulating the growth of mammary epithelial cells − an effect much greater than the effects of either hormone used alone," Rosen said. ---The study was funded by grants from the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation and the National Cancer Institute. Contributing to the study were Yongxian Ma, MD; Pragati Katiyar, MS; Laudette P. Jones, PhD; Saijun Fan, MD, PhD; Yiyu Zhang, MD; and Priscilla A. Furth, MD. --Story Source-The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Georgetown University Medical Center

IMy Comment Here---the issue is not about the estrogens and progesterones but rather the bodies ability to utilize them and remove them—the herbalist and other alternative health and healers knew this of yesteryear and would require women to do blood tonics and organ supporting herbs that would alleviate the load of these hormones---In todays times when foods consumed are highly hormonal –Soy – Vege oils ( estrogen imbalancing )-olive oils ( which can increase testosterone) peas ( estrogenic)– and chemicals that are highly xenoestrogenic like dish soaps and laundry soaps and cleaners and pesticide on or in the foods and hormone produced milk and meats—the system may not necessarily lack the gene but rather being so overwhelmed with the load that there is not enough to compensate for the imbalances---the old ways maybe tougher but the work –the thought and suggestions here would be to eliminate the foods causing the overload and to potential fast or reduce drastically consumption and increase foods that are going to reinforce the organs and the gene production to assist in balancing out what is overloaded

Anti Estrogenic Antidote

Because of the overloading of the endocrine and lymphatic system of estrogen three has been a number of reproductive cancers occurring at a higher then normal rate…..if you look up the stats this didn’t happen til the 60’s when cancers of all types started to become more apparent in the USA and Canada…. What changed? The exposure to pesticides had definitely increased, the exposure to toxic pollutants had definitely increased, the removal of foods from the diet which were maligned to be a problem but in fact were not, and new food and dietary guidelines were introduced that were in fact cancer causing, such as soy and margarine, food additives and chemical preservatives, plastics that contained foods and detergents which are xeno-estrogenic characteristics. This means these are synthetic estrogens that will in fact react the same way as plant estrogens but in a higher concentrated levels that will bind to what are known as receptor sites ….these are areas of the body that are triggered by hormones and enzymes which cause a chemical reaction or trigger a signal in the body to perform whatever function that is required. These estrogens coming from with out, are extremely dangerous because of the way they accumulate in the body, and the reaction they cause in the body. In the case of estrogen it will lead to cancer, there are over 50 years of research an data to validate this, and to this day the end result has been the same since we have introduced highly estrogenic foods into the diet, males are becoming more mentally and physically dysfunctional, and women are breaking down more rapidly then there predecessors did. By being exposed to dish soap, latex, fuel oils, carpeting, clothing , fabric softeners, clothing made with synthethics, exhaust fumes from all petro products, including the Idea of biodiesel or bio fuels, this to will exacerbrate a bad condition already existing, and will compound the effect that much more…

So how do we heal this condition? How do we reverse the effect? Can we reverse the effect ?...there are herbs, supplements, and vitamins that actually regulate estrogen and remove the excess out of the body, via liver. And through other means of expulsion from the body. There are foods we can eat as well as foods to avoid that will assist us in the regulating of the overloading of the hormones in our system. I will give a list of foods herbs and supplements that will assist in this endeavor to keep us hormonally balanced :….Some of these will be used as a tea, others will be consumed and others used as a supplement….and in some cases used together to remove whatever is afflicting us hormonally….

Grass fed Animals ( grain fed will encourage hormone imbalancing due to the excess of omega 6 in the fat rather then 3 ( grass fed cows have 15 times more omega 3 then fish )

Ocean caught fish ( make sure you increase garlic or sulfur based supplement with Vitamin C to offset any potential mercury or lead poisoning of the fish.

Ground flax seed ( due to the fibre content of the lignans which will bind to the estrogens ) Make sure you grind it fresh not store bought

Any tea that will support the liver and the endocrine system should be used to assist in the removal of any unwanted toxin or increase the antioxidant levels so that the body is able to be more efficient in the removing of unwanted pathogens or hormones

Make sure all teas are drunk without any processed sugar or artificial sweetners…Use Xylitol from birch trees or Unpasteurized honey

®®Almonds ( due to the phosphorous in it to assist the liver in detoxing the estrogens out)

[U1]Let's take a look here, there is an issue with this conclusion---see they did a calorie restricted diet has nothing to do with fat or protein or carb or even other nutrients --calorie restricted ---this implies a reduction in everything---so the misleading end of this is to get the reader to see that it is FAT that is the problem---it may very well be ---but NOT NECESSARILY--what usually triggers the IGF is sugar ( which increases insulin ) and proteins ( arginine-aspartic acid--precursors to GH and whey protein--not to mention zinc-magnesium-and potassium )---the point here is that IGF is as well utilized to break down fatty acids as well---so again in these type of article pay attention to how they will show you a specific but then lead you to a bad conclusion!!

[U2]21 pounds in 5 weeks is about all anyone should be losing in this time frame--the avg lost should be about 3lbs per week anything more can be a rebounder---it can come back and with more pounds as well--this was avg just over 4 .2 lbs

[U3]Again look at this comment here---we eat to much fatty foods---what FAT---since we have an abundant of choices here --vegetable oils ( soy) canola oils -margarines-fih oils with mercury--these are fats as well and People do consume alot of these as well---and then end result is always illnesss the FAT that they are talking is which one?? and can they then explore is it the fat or the components in the fats which maybe the culprit? again see this for what it is --

[U4]Hmm seems to me that the energy of source for the body isssssss F-A-T

[U5]This maybe the resolution to getting rid of the fat storage or to increase fat efficiency getting Bile salts

[U6]Coenzyme A combines with Acetic Acid (derived from endogenous Pyruvic Acid) to form Acetyl Coenzyme A.

Nucleic Compounds--Coenzyme A facilitates the repair of the body’s endodgenous Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA).-Coenzyme A facilitates the repair of the body’s endodgenous Ribonucleic Acid (RNA).

These Substances Enhance the Function of Coenzyme A--Amino Acids-By exchanging across sub-cellular membranes, Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) serves as a pool of acetyl groups to regenerate Acetyl-Coenzyme A from free Coenzyme A.

Lipids--Caprylic Acid is rapidly reduced to Coenzyme A in the Liver.

Vitamins--Metabolites of Vitamin B5 (in its Pantethine form) are essential components of the Coenzyme A molecule

[U7]Interpret this accurately they are not saying you will not get cancer using estrogen but you will get it more then likely if combining this with progesterone or it's synthethic progestrin---so in other word we are overloading these receptor sites with an already overloaded system and the genes that regulate these hormones are either inadequate or are not present---so then the alternative would be to reduce the overload-not increase the hormones---by blocking the receptors with more hormones all that is happening is a delaying of a cancer nothing more

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ScienceDaily (Jan. 16, 2011) — The bodies of virtually all U.S. pregnant women carry multiple chemicals, including some banned since the 1970s and others used in common products such as non-stick cookware, processed foods and personal care products, according to a new study from UCSF. The study marks the first time that the number of chemicals to which pregnant women are exposed has been counted.--Analyzing data for 163 chemicals, researchers detected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), phenols, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and perchlorate in 99 to 100 percent of pregnant women. Among the chemicals found in the study group were PBDEs, compounds used as flame retardants now banned in many states including California, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ( DDT), an organochlorine pesticide banned in the United States in 1972.---Bisphenol A (BPA), which makes plastic hard and clear, and is found in epoxy resins that are used to line the inside of metal food and beverage cans, was identified in 96 percent of the women surveyed. Prenatal exposure to BPA has been linked to adverse health outcomes, affecting brain development and increasing susceptibility to cancer later in life, according to the researchers. Findings will be published in Environmental Health Perspectives on Jan. 14. The study was not designed to identify direct connections to adverse health outcomes."It was surprising and concerning to find so many chemicals in pregnant women without fully knowing the implications for pregnancy," said lead author Tracey Woodruff, PhD, MPH, director of the UCSF Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment.---"Several of these chemicals in pregnant women were at the same concentrations that have been associated with negative effects in children from other studies. In addition, exposure to multiple chemicals that can increase the risk of the same adverse health outcome can have a greater impact than exposure to just one chemical," said Woodruff, an associate professor in the UCSF Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.--Exposure to chemicals during fetal development has been shown to increase the risk of adverse health consequences, including preterm birth and birth defects[U1], childhood morbidity, and adult disease and mortality according to the research team. In addition, chemicals can cross the placenta and enter the fetus,[U2] and in other studies, a number of chemicals measured in maternal urine and serum have been found in amniotic fluid, cord blood and meconium, they state.--The researchers analyzed data for 268 pregnant women from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004, a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population.--"Our findings indicate several courses of action. First, additional research is needed to identify dominant sources of exposure to chemicals and how they influence our health, especially in reproduction," said Woodruff. "Second, while individuals can take actions in their everyday lives to protect themselves from toxins, significant, long-lasting change only will result from a systemic approach that includes proactive government policies.[U3]"--Co-authors of the study are Ami R. Zota and Jackie M. Schwartz of the Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, UCSF Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.--Funding for the study was provided by the Pew Charitable Trusts and a grant from the Passport Science Innovation Fund.--Story Source--The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of California - San Francisco.--Journal Reference--Tracey J. Woodruff, Ami R. Zota, Jackie M. Schwartz. Environmental Chemicals in Pregnant Women in the US: NHANES 2003-2004. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2011; DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002727 --

The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) recently published a study in the journal PLoS One highlighting the worst prescription drug offenders that cause patients to become violent.

Among the top-ten most dangerous are the antidepressants Pristiq (desvenlafaxine), Paxil (paroxetine) and Prozac (fluoxetine).

Concerns about the extreme negative side effects of many popular antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs have been on the rise, as these drugs not only cause severe health problems to users, but also pose a significant threat to society. The ISMP report indicates that, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System, many popular drugs are linked even to homicides.

Most of the drugs in the top ten most dangerous are antidepressants, but also included are an insomnia medication, an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drug, a malaria drug and an anti-smoking medication.

[10.] Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) – An antidepressant that affects serotonin and noradrenaline. The drug is 7.9 times more likely to be associated with violence than other drugs.

[9.] Venlafaxine (Effexor) – An antidepressant that treats anxiety disorders. The drug is 8.3 times more likely to be associated with violence than other drugs.

[8.] Fluvoxamine (Luvox) – A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drug that is 8.4 times more likely to be associated with violence than other drugs.

[7.] Triazolam (Halcion) – A benzodiazepine drug for insomnia that is 8.7 times more likely to be associated with violence than other drugs.

[6.] Atomoxetine (Strattera) – An ADHD drug that is 9 times more likely to be associated with violence than other drugs.

[5.] Mefoquine (Lariam) – A malaria drug that is 9.5 times more likely to be associated with violence than other drugs.

[4.] Amphetamines – This general class of ADHD drug is 9.6 times more likely to be associated with violence than other drugs.

[3.] Paroxetine (Paxil) – An SSRI antidepressant drug that is 10.3 times more likely to be associated with violence than other drugs. It is also linked to severe withdrawal symptoms and birth defects.

[2.] Fluoxetine (Prozac) – A popular SSRI antidepressant drug that is 10.9 times more likely to be associated with violence than other drugs.

[1.] Varenicline (Chantix) – An anti-smoking drug that is a shocking 18 times more likely to be associated with violence than other drugs.

BACKGROUND: The present study focused on the antioxidant activities of aged oat (Avena sativa L.) vinegar. The antioxidant activities of oat and vinegar have been proved by many previous research studies. It should be noted that oat vinegar, as a novel seasoning, has antioxidant activity.

RESULTS: Oat vinegar showed stronger radical scavenging activities, reducing power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation than rice vinegar. The concentrations of polyphenols and flavonoids in oat vinegar were higher than those in rice vinegar. Ethyl acetate extract of oat vinegar possessed the most varieties of phenolic acids and showed the strongest antioxidant activity compared with ethanol and water extracts. At suitable doses of oat vinegar, the malondialdehyde value was decreased, activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were promoted, and hepatic damage induced by (60)Co gamma-irradiation was ameliorated in aging mice.

CONCLUSION: Oat vinegar manifested antioxidant activity which was stronger than that of rice vinegar in vitro and the same as that of vitamin E in vivo.

Antioxidant capacity of oat (Avena sativa L.) extracts. 2. In vitro antioxidant activity and contents of phenolic and tocol antioxidants.

Cereal Crops Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 501 Walnut Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.

Abstract

Oat milling fractions were examined for concentrations of total phenolics, tocols, and phenolic acids and in vitro antioxidant activity to determine their potential as dietary antioxidants. Methanolic extracts of pearling fractions, flour and aspirations from flaking, and trichomes had high, intermediate, and low antioxidant activities, respectively, evaluated by the beta-carotene bleaching method. Pearling fractions were also highest in total phenolics and tocols. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were identified and quantified by HPLC. Three avenanthramides and an unidentified ferulate derivative were also detected. Total phenolic content was significantly correlated with antioxidant activity, and regression equations that predicted antioxidant activity from phenolic and tocol concentrations were calculated. Antioxidant activity, evaluated by beta-carotene bleaching, was correlated with measures of oxygen radical absorbance capacity and low-density lipoprotein oxidation. These data indicate a potential for oat products, especially those enriched in outer layers of the groat, to contribute to dietary intakes of -antioxidant phytonutrients.

Potential health benefits of Wild Oats antioxidants avenanthramides

Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu

Abstract

Oats are known to be a healthy food for the heart due mainly to their high beta-glucan content. In addition, they contain more than 20 unique polyphenols, avenanthramides, which have shown strong antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. The polyphenols of oats have also recently been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anti-itching activity, which may provide additional protection against coronary heart disease, colon cancer, and skin irritation.--PMID: 19941618 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

CRecipe for Oat Vinegar---add a cup of groats ( oats with the shell ) in a jar and add vinegar to this and let sit for 10 days on a fridge---this will have fermented the grain with all of it’s content) strain and pour rest into a GLASS container and use as a vinegar on salads or even straight up as a tonic or antioxidant aid

Can be made from any liquid that is capable of being converted into alcohol in a two-step process. The fruit juice or other liquid contains sugar, which is converted into alcohol and carbon dioxide gas by the actions of yeast enzymes. The alcohol thus formed combines with atmospheric oxygen by the action of Acetobacter bacteria, forming acetic acid and water. Organic acids and esters derived from the fruit or other source material are also present and are responsible for the flavour and aroma variations of vinegar. Table vinegar contains approximately 4 percent acetic acid. These bacteria work together symbiotically, producing enough acetic acid to prevent invasion by other organisms.--Despite its ancient origin, the technology of vinegar production advanced slowly, improvements consisting principally of better methods of aeration. The Orleans process, best-known of the old methods, used a barrel of about 50 gallons (200 l) capacity. A mash consisting of wine or other alcoholic liquid was poured into the barrel, and a small amount of vinegar containing a mass of vinegar bacteria, called mother of vinegar, was added to start the reaction. One or two small air holes drilled above the liquid level exposed the surface to aeration. The finished vinegar was drawn off through a wooden spigot near the bottom. Care was taken in refilling the barrel with the new charge of raw ingredients to avoid breaking up the surface film of bacteria.---Early in the 18th century, a Dutch technologist, Hermann Boerhaave, found that the rate of acid production in the vinegar process was directly proportional to the amount of surface exposed to air. Thus, subsequent methods attempted to introduce more air into the casks. In the 20th century, continuous aeration—air bubbles pumped through the mash—was developed.--Vinegar’s principal uses are the flavouring of foods and the preservation, or pickling, of meat products, fish, fruit, and vegetables. For use as a condiment, vinegar is often flavoured with garlic, onions, tarragon, or other herbs and spices. Mixed with oil and seasonings it becomes a classic cold sauce—vinaigrette—used as a dressing on vegetable salads and served as a sauce with cold cooked vegetables, meats, and fish. Vinegar is also a common ingredient in marinades and is widely used in the pickling of cucumbers and other vegetables.

[U1]NOWWWWW you have to ask the Question the big one, Why are women getting Vaccinated and or the children or Fetuses in the womb, woman are being purposely infected???? and a MULTITUDE OF CHEMICALS WILL INCREASE ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES????!!!!! DING DING DING --Are We seeing This!!!

[U2]Is this what we want ---A violation of fetal Life by having this cross through the placenta!!

[U3]This should not be allowed in the Gov't's hands at all---this should be with those of us who have a geniune interest in preerving the Human Race from Gov't who can easily be bought out by Special interest who mass produce thes toxic waste as well as those who would infect the populace with more infectious disease--the Gov't has no credibility NONE!!

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Coverage under Obamacare will require an implantable microchip.

There's a pretty starling thing in the bill that 95% of Americans won't like.

The Obama Health care bill under Class II (Paragraph 1, Section B) specifically includes ‘‘(ii) a class II device that is implantable." Then on page 1004 it describes what the term "data" means in paragraph 1, section B:

14 ‘‘(B) In this paragraph, the term ‘data’ refers to in
15 formation respecting a device described in paragraph (1),
16 including claims data, patient survey data, standardized
17 analytic files that allow for the pooling and analysis of
18 data from disparate data environments, electronic health
19 records, and any other data deemed appropriate by the
20 Secretary"

What exactly is a class II device that is implantable?

Lets see...
Approved by the FDA, a class II implantable device is a "implantable radiofrequency
transponder system for patient identification and health information." The purpose of a class II device is to collect data in medical patients such as "claims data, patient survey data, standardized analytic files that allow for the pooling and analysis of data from disparate data environments, electronic health records, and any other data deemed appropriate by the Secretary."

This sort of device would be implanted in the majority of people who opt to become covered by the public health care option. With the reform of the private insurance companies, who charge outrageous rates, many people will switch their coverage to a more affordable insurance plan. This means the number of people who choose the public option will increase. This also means the number of people chipped will be plentiful as well. The adults who choose to have a chip implanted are the lucky (yes, lucky) ones in this case. Children who are "born in the United States who at the time of birth is not otherwise covered under acceptable coverage" will be qualified and placed into the CHIP or Children's Health Insurance Program (what a convenient name). With a name like CHIP it would seem consistent to have the chip implanted into a child. Children conceived by parents who are already covered under the public option will more than likely be implanted with a chip by the consent of the parent. Eventually everyone will be implanted with a chip. And with the price and coverage of the public option being so competitive with the private companies, the private company may not survive.

ScienceDaily (Jan. 22, 2011) — Around one in four Montrealers take some kind of anti-depressant, and according to new research, the drugs are passing into the waterways and affecting fish.--The findings are internationally significant as the city's sewage treatment system is similar to that in use in other major cities, and moreover, it is reputed to be the third largest treatment system in the world. Lead by Dr. Sébastien Sauvé at the University of Montreal's Department of Chemistry and André Lajeunesse, a PhD candidate, the research team found that the drugs accumulate in fish tissues and are affecting the fish's brain activity.---The Saint Lawrence is a major international waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes, and it surrounds the island of Montreal. Sauvé has been looking at the chemical pollution of the water system for years. "Montreal has a very basic sewage system -- the city basically only removes solids, there's no disinfecting of the water," he explained. "In any case, the chemical structure of anti-depressants makes them extremely difficult to remove from sewage, even with the most sophisticated systems available."--"We know that antidepressants have negative side effects on human beings," Sauvé said, "but we don't know how exactly how these chemicals are affecting the fish, and by extension, the Saint Lawrence River's ecosystem." Despite a lack of information about the possible toxicity brought from these substances, the research group suggests an interesting tool to track the early biological effects of antidepressants. "Since the acute toxicity of antidepressants is less probable toward aquatic organisms, chronic toxicity remained possible. In this way, the suggested biomarker involved in the serotonin regulation in the brain may represent a promising means of determining subtle biological effects to fish," explained Lajeunesse. Chronic toxicity means harm resulting from long-term exposure, whereas acute relates to more immediate harm following a single high-dose incident. Serotonin is an important chemical that plays a role in feelings of happiness -- it's sometimes referred to as the "happy hormone."--Sauvé was quick to point out that there is no immediate danger to humans. "The amount of anti-depressants being released into our river works out to roughly the equivalent of a grain of salt in an Olympic-size swimming pool," he said. "That's not enough to affect people, should they are brave enough to go fishing out there -- I'd be more worried about the trace metals! Nevertheless, we are seeing an impact on the river's ecosystem, which should concern cities everywhere." Further research by other teams will look at exactly what the consequences might be.--This research received funding from the Chemical Management Plan -- Health Canada, the St. Lawrence Action Plan and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation. It was published online by Chemosphere on Jan. 5, 2011. Christian Gagnon, François Gagné, and Séverine Louis at Environment Canada and Patrick Čejka at the Montreal Sewage Treatment Plant contributed to the findings.

Story Source-The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of Montreal, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.-Journal Reference-André Lajeunesse, Christian Gagnon, François Gagné, Séverine Louis, Patrick Čejka, Sébastien Sauvé. Distribution of antidepressants and their metabolites in brook trout exposed to municipal wastewaters before and after ozone treatment – Evidence of biological effects. Chemosphere, 2011; DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.026

As the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prepares final guidance on Investigational New Drugs (INDs) a leading trade group has warned of the damaging effect on nutrient research that could follow if the application of INDs is not modified from the current draft guidance.

The Washington DC-based Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) submitted comments to the FDA highlighting why nutrient research could sometimes be applied in both the pharma and food spheres.--A demarcation between the two would defeat the intention of the 1994 Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act (DSHEA), it said, and called for certain types of research o be exempt from NDI requirements.

“While CRN agrees that a product’s intended use should dictate its regulatory category, we question the rationale for allowing a product’s regulatory category to drive scientific inquiry,” the CRN’s vice president of scientific and regulatory affairs, Duffy MacKay wrote in a nine-page submission.

MacKay wrote his group was concerned, “some aspects of the Draft Guidance may have the unintended consequence of acting in opposition to the spirit” of DSHEA, and create, “unnecessary obstacles to the continued scientific study of dietary supplements.”

He added that DSHEA had authorized the establishment of the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to study the benefits of dietary supplements in maintaining health and preventing chronic disease and so ‘dietary supplements’ had been mandated to be studied in a pharma and nutra ways.

“The potential for a dietary supplement to have a dual definition, which is dependent on its intended use, has resulted in much confusion amongst the research community.”

Industry is concerned some nutrients like omega-3s or probiotics may require IND's if they are to be studied, and that there will be a bias to disease endpoints as there are no validated endpoints for wellness.

“For example, an investigator interested in evaluating a yogurt product from the grocery store that contains beneficial bacteria for its ability to prevent constipation in a healthy population would be required to file an IND. This seems incongruent with the intent of the IND…”

· Much nutrient research was academia, not commercial driven and academia need to be alerted to the guidance and its implications for their work, especially when an IND is required.

· Cost and proprietary science concerns would see companies pulling out of the scientific process if INDs are required for certain trials.

· IND approaches across various sectors are not unified and an IND policy in the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN). The current system may see an inundation of INDs.

He pointed out a grey area in that DSHEA does not permit a, “product that does not contain an article authorized for investigation as a new drug, antibiotic, or biological for which substantial clinical investigations have been instituted and for which existence of such investigations has been made public.”

But the FDA has indicated a citizen’s petition, such as the one currently being appraised for a hormone produced by Canadian firm Ovos Natural Health, could be a way to have nutrients that have been subject to drug research classified as dietary supplements, via the New Dietary Ingredients route.

MacKay called for the FDA to specify financial penalties for conducting trials without INDs.

Lets make a remedy---Lets start out with something conventional and give it a boost

Aspirin 81 mg or a generic that is 81mg –Uneneterocoated—1 caplet with with 100-200 mgs of magnesium and 1/8 tsp of cayenne pepper or 1 capsule at 500mgs—take together

Take White Willow Extract or tincture put into a glass container and add 1 ½ oz to ½ oz of cayenne tincture—Mix Well and then take ¼-1/2 tsp

Bay Leaf Extract with Cayenne Pepper 1:1 ratio ( equal parts say ½ oz to a ½ oz ) mix well and take ¼ -1/2 tsp

White Willow or FeverFew 1/8 cup with 6-8 leaves of Bay Leaf in a 2 pint pot of water—drink a 4-6 oz serving several times a day

Using Vicks as a body Rub or make your own cream by adding Peppermint 8 drops—Camphor 8 drops —Eucalyptus 8 drops and Wintergreen 8 drops with a red or black pepper extract 1 oz and fuse in bees wax and coconut oil ½ cup of coconut oil and ¼ cup of wax or less if you want a lotion –add 1 oz of alcohol and heat together in a double broiler or a ban marie heat til all soft –wne at this point then take a blender and pour content in glass container—allow for cooling then apply this liberally and even on chest cavity for congestion the apply this where pain exist

Using Pine oil 4 drops and Camphor oil 4 drops and mix with 4 oz of peanut oil and massage in pained areas or areas of intense out break

Take a bath in Magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride1 cup per bath –will alleviate pain

Some of these can apply to menstrual pain as well—body aches—prostrate inflammation—leg problems—circulatory problems—muscle joint pain Back aches and the list goes on

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Acetyl-L-Carnitine improves the quality of Sleep and reduces the optimal number of hours of Sleep required.

Tryptophan (500 - 4,000 mg per night) reduces the amount of time taken to fall asleep (Sleep latency) when taken one to two hours prior to retiring.

Antioxidants---Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) reduces the amount of Sleep time that is required for optimal health.

Hormones----Supplemental, exogenous Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (50 mg per day) improves the quality of Sleep (especially in people aged 40 and over).

Endogenous hGH is released during Slow-Wave Sleep and helps to regulate REM Sleep. Exogenous, supplemental hGH has been demonstrated to restore Slow-Wave Sleep and REM Sleep patterns to normal. Supplemental, exogenous Melatonin decreases the relative proportion of the Drowsiness and Stage 1 Sleep and increases the relative proportion of Stage 2, Slow-Wave and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Supplemental Melatonin greatly reduces the number of movements during Sleep, reduces the time taken to fall asleep after retiring (Sleep latency), reduces the body’s core temperature during Sleep and improves the subjective quality of Sleep without increasing next-morning Drowsiness.

Exogenous Vasopressin improves the quality of Sleep, increases total Sleep time and increases the quantity of Slow-Wave Sleep.

Exogenous Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) infused into the Cerebral Ventricles (in a clinical setting) induces natural Sleep.

Magnesium (when consumed just prior to retiring) improves the quality of Sleep. Potassium improves the quality of Sleep and reduces the frequency of awakenings after the onset of Sleep.

Acetylcholine helps to maintain Sleep. It controls the amount of sensory input that reaches the Brain during Sleep and increases the stimulus barrier (increasing the threshold of sensory inputs before wakiing occurs) during Sleep. Optimal Acetylcholine allows sleepers to remain asleep through minor noises and other disturbances. Light sleepers are likely to have sub-optimal Acetylcholine.

Supplemental, exogenous Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) (1,000 - 3,000 mg administered sublingually at night) facilitates Sleep. research

Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) reduces the amount of Sleep required by approximately one hour per night (this effect occurs after six weeks of continuous DMAE use):

DMAE users experience a sounder Sleep and after six weeks of continuous DMAE use, most people report waking earlier and having a clearer mind upon waking.

Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) facilitates both Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep and Slow-Wave (deep or non-REM) Sleep. research

Choline improves the quality of Sleep. It helps to keep an individual asleep after they have fallen asleep (via its role as a precursor for Acetylcholine, the Neurotransmitter that helps to prevent unnecessary interruptions to Sleep from non-threatening stimuli).

Inositol (1,000 - 10,000 mg taken at bedtime) improves the quality of Sleep (by assisting Vitamin B3 to bind to the Benzodiazepine Receptors in the Brain).

Vitamin B3 (200 - 1,000 mg of the Niacinamide form of Vitamin B3 taken at bedtime) improves the quality of Sleep (by binding to the Benzodiazepine Receptors of the Brain).

Vitamin B6 improves the quality of Sleep (by functioning as a cofactor for the production of Serotonin).

Vitamin B12 improves the quality of Sleep (by increasing endogenous Melatonin levels early in the night and reducing Melatonin levels at then end of a night’s Sleep).

Herbs----Astragalus improves the quality of Sleep (it has been demonstrated to increase Sleep time in animal studies).

Essiac (a mixture of Herbs - primarily Sheep Sorrel) improves the quality of Sleep (according to anecdotal reports).

Ginkgo biloba rectifies impaired Sleep quality in persons using Tricyclic Antidepressants and may also improve Sleep quality in normal, healthy persons: Ginkgo biloba reduces the duration of Stage 1 Sleep in persons using Tricyclic Antidepressants and may also reduce the duration of Stage 1 Sleep in normal, healthy persons. Ginkgo biloba enhances the quality of Slow-Wave Sleep (deep Sleep) in persons using Tricyclic Antidepressants and may also enhance the quality of Slow-Wave Sleep in normal, healthy persons.

Lavender (oil used in Aromatherapy) and tincture or tea improves the quality of Sleep.

Passion Flower induces a restful Sleep free from frequent awakenings and disturbances (by means of its constituent Harmala Alkaloids sedating the Central Nervous System).

Melatonin- Trytophan 500mgs + Niacin 50 mgs Vanilla 10 drops + Lavender tincture 10 drops in 2 oz of water—Passion flower 10 drops + St John’s wort

Valerian tincture + Passion Flower10 drops of each in water—Utilize an of these combinations 30 minutes before going to bed and do not Mix Under any circumstance with anything from the pharmacy that is drug related

Melatonin is a molecule synthesized in the brain by the pineal gland and in the gastrointestinal tract. Melatonin is also synthesized in other organisms including plants.

Melatonin is believed to be responsible for the synchrony of circadian rhythm, modulating sleep patterns with day and night.

Melatonin is an antioxidant and protects tissues from oxidative damage by free radical elements. Further more, melatonin induces synthesis of endigenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismtase (SOD).

Several researches indicate that melatonin protects the gastrointestinal tract from irritation, reduces stress-induced lesion formation and heals ulcer.

Below are lists containing natural plant sources of melatonin. Melatonin content is in nanogram (ng) per gram of plant sample

In using this chart keep in mind this is nanogram which means 1 billionth of a mg

So that implies a small amount—so in order to get any benefit from these sources you would have to consume them in adequate amounts st johns is 4,390 per gram 0r 1000-mgs so if you took 5 grams you would get over 2 mgs which is what the pill is usually between 1-3 miligrams

Stages of Sleep

Usually sleepers pass through five stages: 1, 2, 3, 4 and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. These stages progress cyclically from 1 through REM then begin again with stage 1. A complete sleep cycle takes an average of 90 to 110 minutes. The first sleep cycles each night have relatively short REM sleeps and long periods of deep sleep but later in the night, REM periods lengthen and deep sleep time decreases.

Stage 1 is light sleep where you drift in and out of sleep and can be awakened easily. In this stage, the eyes move slowly and muscle activity slows. During this stage, many people experience sudden muscle contractions preceded by a sensation of falling.

In stage 2, eye movement stops and brain waves become slower with only an occasional burst of rapid brain waves. When a person enters stage 3, extremely slow brain waves called delta waves are interspersed with smaller, faster waves. In stage 4, the brain produces delta waves almost exclusively. Stages 3 and 4 are referred to as deep sleep or delta sleep, and it is very difficult to wake someone from them. In deep sleep, there is no eye movement or muscle activity. This is when some children experience bedwetting, sleepwalking or night terrors. In 2008 the sleep profession in the US eliminated the use of stage 4. Stages 3 and 4 are now considered stage 3.

In the REM period, breathing becomes more rapid, irregular and shallow, eyes jerk rapidly and limb muscles are temporarily paralyzed. Brain waves during this stage increase to levels experienced when a person is awake. Also, heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, males develop erections and the body loses some of the ability to regulate its temperature. This is the time when most dreams occur, and, if awoken during REM sleep, a person can remember the dreams. Most people experience three to five intervals of REM sleep each night.

Infants spend almost 50% of their time in REM sleep. Adults spend nearly half of sleep time in stage 2, about 20% in REM and the other 30% is divided between the other three stages. Older adults spend progressively less time in REM sleep.

As sleep research is still a relatively young field, scientists did not discover REM sleep until 1953 when new machines were developed to monitor brain activity. Before this discovery it was believed that most brain activity ceased during sleep. Since then, scientists have also disproved the idea that deprivation of REM sleep can lead to insanity and have found that lack of REM sleep can alleviate clinical depression although they do not know why. Recent theories link REM sleep to learning and memory.

The waveform during REM has low amplitudes and high frequencies., just like the waking state. Early researchers actually called it "paradoxial sleep".

Endocrine system---Most hormone secretion is controlled by the circadian clock or in response to physical events. Sleep is one of the events that modify the timing of secretion for certain hormones. Many hormones are secreted into the blood during sleep. For example, scientists believe that the release of growth hormone is related in part to repair processes that occur during sleep. Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, which are involved in maturational and reproductive processes, are among the hormones released during sleep. In fact, the sleep-dependent release of luteinizing hormone is thought to be the event that initiates puberty. Other hormones, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone, are released prior to sleep.--- Both sleep and circadian effects interact to produce the overall rhythmic pattern of the pituitary and pituitary-dependent hormones. Some of the 24-h hormonal rhythms depend on the circadian clock (ACTH, cortisol and melatonin), or are sleep related (prolactin and TSH). GH secretion is influenced by the first slow wave sleep (SWS) episode at the beginning of the night. Pulses of prolactin and GH are positively linked to increases in delta wave activity, i.e. deepest phases of sleep, occurring primarily during the first third of the night. Pulses of TSH and cortisol are related to superficial phases of sleep. As a result of the consolidation of the sleep period, the wake-sleep transition is associated with physiological changes with the endocrine system being part of the adaptive mechanism to reduce physical activity during sleep----

Renal system---Kidney filtration, plasma flow, and the excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium all are reduced during sleep. These changes cause urine to be more concentrated during sleep. ---There is also sleep-related increase in plasma aldosterone levels; an increase in prolactin secretion. There is increased parathyroid hormone release during sleep, which may affect calcium excretion. In general, the following are reduced during sleep: glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, filtration fraction, and the excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and calcium. Smaller quantities of more concentrated urine are excreted during NREM sleep than during wakefulness; during REM sleep urine excretion is reduced and concentrated to a greater extent than during NREM sleep.

Alimentary activity--In a person with normal digestive function, gastric acid secretion is reduced during sleep. In those with an active ulcer, gastric acid secretion is actually increased and swallowing occurs less frequently.

Melatonin source	Melatonin content (ng/g)
Huang-qin	7,110
St. John’s wort, flower	4,390
Fever few, green leaf	2,450
Fever few, gold leaf	1,920
St. John’s wort, leaf	1,750
White mustard seed	189
Black mustard seed	129
Wolf berry seed	103
Fenugreek seed	43
Sunflower seed	29
Fennel seed	28
Alfalfa seed	16
Green cardamom seed	15
Tart cherry fruit (Montmorency)	15
Flax seed	12
Anise seed	7
Coriander seed	7
Celery seed	7
Poppy seed	6
Milk thistle seed	2
Tart cherry fruit (Balaton)	2
Melatonin source	Melatonin content [ng/g]
Feverfew, fresh leaf	> 1,300
Feverfew, dried leaf	>7,000
Almond seed	39
Pimpinella peregrina, dried root	38
Sunflower seed	29
Fennel seed	28
Lemon verbena, young plant	22
Balm mint, young plant	16
Green cardamom seed	15
Artcherry, Montmorency, fruit	15–18
Anise seed	7
Tall fescue seed	5
oat seed	1.8
Indian corn seed	1.3
Rice seed	1
Red radish root tuber	0.6
Japanese radish , stem and leaves	0.6
Tomato fruit	0.5
Ginger tuber	0.5


Food	Protein [g/100 g of food]	Tryptophan [g/100 g of food]	Tryptophan/Protein [%]
egg, white, dried	81.10	1.00	1.23
spirulina, dried	57.47	0.93	1.62
cod, atlantic, dried	62.82	0.70	1.11
soybeans, raw	36.49	0.59	1.62
pumpkin seed	33.08	0.57	1.72
cheese, Parmesan	37.90	0.56	1.47
Caribou	29.77	0.46	1.55
sesame seed	17.00	0.37	2.17
cheese, cheddar	24.90	0.32	1.29
sunflower seed	17.20	0.30	1.74
pork, chop	19.27	0.25	1.27
Turkey	21.89	0.24	1.11
Chicken	20.85	0.24	1.14
Beef	20.13	0.23	1.12
Salmon	19.84	0.22	1.12
lamb, chop	18.33	0.21	1.17
perch, Atlantic	18.62	0.21	1.12
Egg	12.58	0.17	1.33
wheat flour, white	10.33	0.13	1.23
baking chocolate, unsweetened	12.9	0.13	1.23
Milk	3.22	0.08	2.34
rice, white	7.13	0.08	1.16
oatmeal, cooked	2.54	0.04	1.16
potatoes, russet	2.14	0.02	0.84

Stage	Frequency (Hz)	Amplitude (micro Volts)	Waveform type
awake	15-50	<50
pre-sleep	8-12	50	alpha rhthym
1	4-8	50-100	theta
2	4-15	50-150	splindle waves
3	2-4	100-150	spindle waves and slow waves
4	0.5-2	100-200	slow waves and delta waves
REM	15-30	<50